Conventions for conducting work with groupware are essential. They include rules for how the groupware functionality should be used for communication about work, for how data should be processed, and for decision-making. Based on user experiences with POLITeam, a large groupware system implemented in a German ministry, we report how conventions are difficult to establish and to follow. We illus...

Maintainability is a desirable property of software, and a variety of metrics have been proposed for measuring it, all based on different notions of complexity. Although these metrics are useful, complexity is only one factor influencing maintainability. Practical experience in software development has led to a set of best practices and coding conventions that are believed to make source code e...

Much research has focused on the problem of knowledge accessibility, sharing and reuse. Specific languages (e.g. KIF, CG, RDF) and ontologies have been proposed. Common characteristics, conventions or ontological distinctions are beginning to emerge. Since knowledge providers (humans and software agents) must follow common conventions for the knowledge to be widely accessed and re-used, we prop...

Recently, the study of social conventions has attracted much attention in the literature. We notice that a type of interesting phenomena, local convention phenomena, may also exist in certain multiagent systems. When agents are partitioned into compact communities, different local conventions emerge in different communities. In this paper, we provide a definition for local conventions, and prop...

1. Classification of models 2. Criteria for choosing models 3. Non-tidal loading effects 4. New models 5. Possible additions to the Conventions 6. Technique-dependent effects 7. Terminology concerning reference systems 8. Practical application to the rewriting of some parts of Conventions (2003) 9. Electronic diffusion of the Conventions 10. Links with other fields of geodesy 11. Next registere...

How do shared conventions emerge in complex decentralized social systems? This question engages fields as diverse as linguistics, sociology, and cognitive science. Previous empirical attempts to solve this puzzle all presuppose that formal or informal institutions, such as incentives for global agreement, coordinated leadership, or aggregated information about the population, are needed to faci...

The semantic architecture of CML consists of conventions, dictionaries and units. The conventions conform to a top-level specification and each convention can constrain compliant documents through machine-processing (validation). Dictionaries conform to a dictionary specification which also imposes machine validation on the dictionaries. Each dictionary can also be used to validate data in a CM...

In order to develop an understanding of the rhetorical conventions in the Persian language and to find out the metadiscursive cultural norms of Iranian writers in their native language writings, it is necessary to probe into the implicit rhetorical features of academic writing which has so far eluded a comprehensive systematic characterization. Metadiscourse marking, which is supposed to be one...