CG.azdar et al. 1985], and Bresnan and Kaplan's LexicalFunctional Grammars LFG. CSLI-4 makes a perfect couple with CSLI-3, continuing to present syntactic approaches and unification-based implementation, suitable for all the grammatical formalisms discussed in the books. The landscape in the valley of syntax is governed by GB, as the highest achievement towards universality. GB realizes a rich ...

The purpose of this study is to apply digital city concept for the development of a pictogram system for natural disaster reduction. Long lasting and tangible achievement of IDNDR is needed which may be used in all over the world for many coming generations. As Neurath said “Words divide, pictures unite”, pictograms could be a powerful communication tool as well as an educational tool to improv...

Abstract This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of collaborative form-focused activities on grammar learning of elementary EFL learners. To this end, 58 adult male Iranian EFL learners at elementary level of proficiency in three classes of language institutes were chosen. They formed the three groups of the study. The grammar section of Cambridge Michigan Placement test was used to...

Abstract This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of collaborative form-focused activities on grammar learning of elementary EFL learners. To this end, 58 adult male Iranian EFL learners at elementary level of proficiency in three classes of language institutes were chosen. They formed the three groups of the study. The grammar section of Cambridge Michigan Placement test was used to...

Systemic functional grammar constructs a grammar for the purpose of text analysis to investigate how grammar is used as a means of making meaning. Grammatical metaphor is one of the language phenomena introduced by Halliday (2004) in the framework of functional grammar. The present work focuses on the application of Halliday’s metafunctional framework in health texts of English newspapers. The ...

I want to thank the ACL for the Lifetime Achievement Award of 2016. I am deeply honored, and I share this honor with the outstanding collaborators and students I have been lucky to have over my lifetime. The title of my talk describes two fields of linguistics, which differ in their approaches to data and analysis and in their fundamental concepts. What I call the garden is traditional linguist...

PURPOSE Some researchers (F. R. Vellutino, F. M. Scanlon, & M. S. Tanzman, 1994) have argued that the different domains comprising language (e.g., phonology, semantics, and grammar) may influence reading development in a differential manner and at different developmental periods. The purpose of this study was to examine proposed causal relationships among different linguistic subsystems and dif...

This paper presents the design and construction of the PolyU Treebank, a manually annotated Chinese shallow treebank. The PolyU Treebank is based on shallow annotation where only partial syntactical structures within sentences are annotated. Guided by the Phrase-Standard Grammar proposed by Peking University, the PolyU Treebank has been designed and constructed to provide a large amount of anno...