Semi-flexible pavement surfacing, or grouted macadam, is an alternative to conventional flexible and rigid pavement. It constructed by injecting cementitious grout into the voids of open-graded asphalt surfacing. The cement used in grouts has adverse environmental effects because carbon dioxide emission production. objective this study was investigate potential using irradiated waste polyethyle...

Microneedles (MNs) have been shown to enhance the penetration depths of microparticles delivered by gene gun. This study aims to investigate the penetration of model microparticle materials, namely, tungsten (<1 μm diameter) and stainless steel (18 and 30 μm diameters) into a skin mimicking agarose gel to determine the effects of particle characteristics (mainly particle size). A number of expe...

introduction: the penetration depth of irrigating solutions in dentinal tubules is limited; consequently, bacteria can remain inside dentinal tubules after the cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. therefore, new irrigation systems are required to increase the penetration depth of irrigating solutions in dentinal tubules. methods: a comparative study regarding the penetration depth of ...

Tunnelling through cities underlain by soft soil, commonly associated with soil movement around the tunnels and subsequent surface settlement. The predication of ground movement during the tunnelling and optimum support pressure could be based on analytical, empirical or the numerical methods. The commonly used Earth pressure balance (EPB) tunneling machines, uses the excavated soil in a pressu...

Polarization gating has been widely used to selectively probe the structure of superficial biological tissue. However, the penetration depth selectivity of polarization gating has not been well understood. Using polarized light Monte Carlo simulations, we investigated how the optical properties of a scattering medium and light collection geometry affect the penetration depth of polarization gat...

In this paper, the stress intensity factor (SIF) expression for defected butt welds containing undercut and inclined lack of penetration (LOP) subject to far-field tensile stress is derived. Some of the standards such as ISO 5817 and BS EN 25817 have specified allowable limits for the length of the undercut and LOP defects and for the height of the weld. In addition, EN 29692 standard has deter...

We carry out simulations of a lattice London superconductor in a magnetic field B, with a finite magnetic penetration length λ. We find that superconducting coherence parallel to B persists into the vortex line liquid. We argue that the length scale relevant to this effect is Λ = φ0/8πTm. 74.60.Ge, 64.60-i, 74.40.+k Typeset using REVTEX