Beliefs about collective outcomes, such as economic growth or firm profitability, play an important role in many contexts. We study biases the formation of beliefs. Specifically, we explore whether over-optimism and self-serving information processing— documented for beliefs individual outcomes—affect outcomes. find that people indeed exhibit are similar to In addition, investigate self-delusio...

conclusions according to the results of this study, it is necessary to implement educational intervention in order to allow students to identify risk factors and overcome barriers to understanding the implications of the disease in this context. background hepatitis b is the most common cause of liver disease, and medical students are a risk group for the disease given their future occupations....

Early research on implicit attitudes and implicit biases emphasized the “directness” of the link between apparent triggers of those attitudes and behavior. For example, Bargh and colleagues argued that there is a direct link between the perception of cues relevant to one’s implicit attitudes and behavior; they write (1996, 231): “social behavior is often triggered automatically on the mere pres...

Behavioral economics explores what affects people’s economic decisions and the consequences of those decisions for market prices, returns, and resource allocation. Traditional economic research assumes that people’s economic decisions are based on the rule of maximizing utility. Behavioral economics, in contrast, neither assumes that people are good in utility maximization nor that it is people...

Behavioral decision research has demonstrated that judgments and decisions of ordinary people and experts are subject to numerous biases. Decision and risk analysis were designed to improve judgments and decisions and to overcome many of these biases. However, when eliciting model components and parameters from decisionmakers or experts, analysts often face the very biases they are trying to he...

introduction & objective :without doubt, the largest human society’s misfortune after second world war is aids world conquering . at present , the best way of combat is to prevent the disease . giving knowledge to the health personnels and their understanding about risk factors of the disease can promote health and prevention of disease propagation . therefore this study has been done in order ...

The behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is the neurological substrate of trait anxiety and is linked to the development of anxiety disorders. Three experiments are reported that investigate the moderating influence of the BIS on 1 pathway to fear: threat information. In all studies, children were given verbal information about a set of novel animals, and their BIS sensitivity was measured. The r...

1 USP 656 Multilevel Regression Winter 2013 Sample Size Issues and Power There are two sample size issues to be concerned about. One issue has to do with the minimum number of cases needed for using multilevel regression to avoid biases. The second issue concerns sufficient statistical power needed for obtaining significance. Generally, having more groups is more important than having more case...

background: epilepsy comprised the highest proportion of neurological problem of childhood stage, which observed mostly in the first decade of life. the dramatic effect of having a seizure in the classroom can be very traumatic for any child. the knowledge and attitude of teachers toward epilepsy have a direct impact on the life of students with epilepsy. methods: a cross-sectional descriptive ...