Menezes, John, Christian Hierholzer, Simon C. Watkins, Valerie Lyons, Andrew B. Peitzman, Timothy R. Billiar, David J. Tweardy, and Brian G. Harbrecht. A novel nitric oxide scavenger decreases liver injury and improves survival after hemorrhagic shock. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 40): G144–G151, 1999.—We tested the ability of a nitric oxide (NO) scavenger to reduce tissue ...

Modelska, K., M. A. Matthay, L. A. S. Brown, E. Deutch, L. N. Lu, and J. F. Pittet. Inhibition of b-adrenergicdependent alveolar epithelial clearance by oxidant mechanisms after hemorrhagic shock. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 20): L844–L857, 1999.—Endogenous release of catecholamines is an important mechanism that can prevent alveolar flooding after brief but severe hemorrhagic...

The inflammatory response to severe traumatic injury results in significant morbidity and mortality. Lymphocytes have recently been identified as critical mediators of the early innate immune response to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Experimental manipulation of lymphocytes following hemorrhagic shock may prevent secondary immunologic injury in surgical and trauma patients. The objective of this...

INTRODUCTION The need for reasoning with medical evidence the different types of shock, especially when there are medical and legal implications, has determined the search of biological markers of the shock. In the case of toxic septic shock, the most important markers to be used are: the cytokines, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), procalcitonin, lactoferin ...

Hemorrhagic shock causes a reduction in oxygen supply to tissues leading to increased reactive oxygen species resulting in lung injury. Often mechanical ventilation is required as supportive treatment; however, ventilation can also induce lung injury and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of three modes of controlled mechanical ventilation: volume control, pressure ...

Massive blood loss leading to hypovolemic shock is still a life-threatening situation. Recently, a great number of investigations have been conducted in order to understand the pathophysiological and immunological changes taking place during shock and to develop treatment strategies. These preclinical trials are based on animal studies. Although a wide spectrum of species and experimental model...