With the increasing number of documents that are available in digital form, also the number of digital historical documents is increasing (Berkvens, 2001). It cannot be assumed that standard IR systems perform well on historical documents: historical texts differ from modern texts in three ways (Hüning, 1996; Van Der Horst and Marschall, 1989): (a) vocabularies have changed, (b) spelling has ch...

! is paper focuses on language policy and social changes which have taken place in Croatia during and since the 1991-5 war. I " rst describe the historical background, the war and the nineties being marked by excesses of linguistic purism and prescriptivism, alongside the formation of post-Yugoslav states in which national belonging was key to de" ning citizenship. ! rough examining the relatio...

This article discusses the most pressing problems of sociolinguistics in works scientists —researchers language construction and situation Kazakhstan.