It has been suggested that phenotypic plasticity is a major factor in the diversification of life, and that variation in host range in phytophagous insects is a good model for investigating this claim. We explore the use of angiosperm plants as hosts for nymphalid butterflies, and in particular the evidence for past oscillations in host range and how they are linked to host shifts and to divers...

After the financially profitable 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, some cities began to compete for and host the Olympics in part to garner economic growth and development. The purpose of this paper is to study current economic cost and benefit analysis, before quantifying if and when benefits exist for the 1992 Barcelona, 1996 Atlanta and 2000 Sydney Games. To assess the economic impact of hosti...

In the current state of knowledge, Earth is only planet to host life and, therefore, be covered by plants [...]

Background: Following the expansion of human infertility, different procedures have been utilized for separation of normal sperm during ICSI (Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection). Hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) is one of the tests which have been introduced for assessment of integrity of sperm membrane when confronted with hypo osmotic condition. This test may also reflect intracellular organe...

BACKGROUND Surveys of host plants of insect galls have been performed in different regions of Brazil. The knowledge of species of host plants of insect galls is fundamental to further studies of plant-galling insect interactions. However, a list of host plant species of gall-inducing insects has not yet been compiled for the flora of the Midwest Region of Brazil. NEW INFORMATION We provide a ...

Host-choice experiments were carried out with rodent and bat ectoparasites on Ilha Grande, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We constructed experimental chambers that enclosed three different rodent or bat host species, and then introduced a selected set of ectoparasitic arthropods. When given the opportunity to choose among host species, the ectoparasites showed a strong tendency to select thei...

The C-ethyl-2-methylresorcinarene (1) forms 1:1 in-cavity complexes with aromatic N,N'-dioxides, only if each of the aromatic rings has an N-O group. The structurally different C-shaped 2,2'-bipyridine N,N'-dioxide (2,2'-BiPyNO) and the linear rod-shaped 4,4'-bipyridine N,N'-dioxide (4,4'-BiPyNO) both form 1:1 in-cavity complexes with the host resorcinarene in C4v crown and C2v conformations, r...

The complexation of (3aR,7aR)-N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)octahydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-imine (BTI), as a guest, to ethane-bridged bis(zinc octaethylporphyrin), bis(ZnOEP), host, has been studied by means ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and circular dichroism (CD) absorption spectroscopies, single crystal X-ray diffraction, computational simulation. formation 1:2 host-guest complex was est...

Background: During ICSI, motile sperm with normal morphology are selected and injected into oocyte. But integrity of chromatin is not observable. Therefore, researchers are trying for to present novel method of sperm selection with high percentage of normal chromatin. HOST test is a useful assay of functional integrity of the human sperm membrane. We decide to use HOST test after DGC for infert...