Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in western as well as developing countries. Adiponectin is a fat-derived plasma protein that has beneficial actions on cerebrovascular disorders. A low level of plasma adiponectin is associated with increased mortality after ischemic stroke. Interleukin 6 is a cytokine, which is elevated in inflammatory, tr...

BACKGROUND Signs indicating hypertensive retinopathy can help determine the extent of hypertensive cardiovascular, renal and cerebrovascular damage. OBJECTIVES To study the association between hypertensive retinopathy and cardiovascular, renal and cerebrovascular changes, and to determine the predictors of hypertensive retinopathy in Congolese patients. METHODS A total of 159 hypertensive s...

Objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently present co-morbid condition in patients admitted with acute heart failure (AHF). This study aimed to determine the frequency of in-hospital mortality AHF presenting AKI. Methodology: descriptive case series AKI was conducted at a tertiary care cardiac hospital Karachi, Pakistan. In accordance “Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End‐Stage Renal D...

OBJECTIVES This study examined left ventricular performance in relatively unselected hypertensive patients by use of physiologically appropriate midwall shortening/end-systolic stress relations. BACKGROUND Supranormal left ventricular function has been reported in hypertensive patients, possibly due to an artifact of mismatching endocardial rather than midwall fractional shortening to mean le...

BACKGROUND: Hypertensive patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are facing high morbidity and mortality. These morbidities include acute kidney injury (AKI) pancreatitis, which have an incidence of about 17% each. Severe respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV2) penetrates cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor is widely found in tract, gastrointestinal...

BACKGROUND Complicated hypertension can be influenced by the characteristics of hypertensive patients. OBJECTIVE To associate the condition of complicated hypertension with biosocial variables such as attitudes and beliefs about the disease and treatment and subjective well-being. METHODS We studied 251 uncomplicated hypertensive patients (SBP > 140 mmHg and/or 90 < DBP < 110 mmHg for patie...

OBJECTIVE Hypertension is a risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Serum leptin plays an important role in promoting endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the leptin level is associated with PAD in hypertensive patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-eight hypertensive patients were enrolled in this study. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) values were meas...

Elevation of plasma VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) has been noted in patients with hypertension or atherosclerosis. VEGF has been regarded as a marker for endothelial dysfunction. However, the role of VEGF in hypertension-induced vascular injury and its relationship with endothelial function have not been studied. This study included 20 untreated hypertensive men with grade 1 or 2 hy...