We propose an Iterative Detection and Decoding (IDD) scheme with Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems for blockfading F = 2 and fast fading Rayleigh channels. An IDD receiver with soft information processing that exploits the code structure and the behaviour of the log likelihood ratios (LLR)’s is developed. Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) wit...

STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study, stratified sampling. OBJECTIVE Using dynamic computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) to explore the age-related distribution patterns of the microcirculation perfusion in the vertebral marrow, the vertebral bone mineral density (BMD), and the intervertebral discal degeneration (IDD) further to discuss the possible causation between them. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DA...

iodine is a trace element in the human body, its only known function is the synthesis of thyroid hormones. effects of iodine deficiency, termed iodine deficiency disorders (idd), include endemic goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, decreased fertility rate, increased infant mortality and mental retardation. 2.2 billion people worldwide are at risk for idd. of these, 30-70% have goiter and 1-10% h...

BACKGROUND The aging population of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is growing. In the general aging population, frailty is commonly used to predict adverse health outcomes, including hospital use, death, and admission to long-term care. However, existing frailty measures are less appropriate for aging persons with IDD, given their pre-existing conditions and limita...

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is popular for the treatment of intractable pain due to vertebral collapse from various lesions, intervertebral disk leakage of cement is a frequent complication. The aim of this study was to determine whether bone cement causes disc degeneration, and to evaluate the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) according to the time period following cement ...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO), which are referred to as inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs), are autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system. Interleukin‑7 receptor (IL7R) encodes for a receptor protein that is important in the development of immune cells. Several studies have reported significant associations between IL7R polymorphisms and MS. The a...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adoption of the term intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder, IDD) in DSM-5 represents a shift from a disability (test score) emphasis to a disorder (medical/neurobiological) emphasis. Several implications of this shift for definition and diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID) are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS The intellectual disability (IDD) section of...

STUDY DESIGN A microRNA (miRNA) study using Solexa sequencing. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD)-specific miRNA expression profile, and to validate its biological function. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs play a critical role in IDD, but the role of specific miRNAs involved in this entity remains...

OBJECTIVE Our previous work showed that epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) is highly expressed in nucleus pulposus of the human degenerative intervertebral disc. The present study was designed to investigate the role of EMP1 in nucleus pulposus cells in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). DESIGN Human nucleus pulposus cells derived from degenerative intervertebral discs were cultured. E...