This study is aimed at the development of a method to fabricate porous spherical hydroxyapatite (HA)—fluorapatite (FA) granules. The method to produce porous granules is based on liquid immiscibility effect. A suspension of HA–FA powder mixtures in aqueous solution of gelatin and oil as a dispersion media were used. By stirring the mixtures of these immiscible liquids, granules of 50–200 mm dia...

Micro-scale optical components play a crucial role in imaging and display technology, biosensing, beam shaping, optical switching, wavefront-analysis, and device miniaturization. Herein, we demonstrate liquid compound micro-lenses with dynamically tunable focal lengths. We employ bi-phase emulsion droplets fabricated from immiscible hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon liquids to form responsive micro-...

Two-fluid natural-convection flow in the horizontal cylindrical annulus and its effect on mass transfer through the liquid-liquid interface of two immiscible fluids are studied numerically. The liquids are stratified by gravity, with the denser one occupying the lower part of the annulus. The convective motion is driven by heating of the inner or outer cylindrical boundary. It is shown that the...

Ionic liquids (ILs) can be used to replace one or more phases in conventional oil/water emulsions including Pickering emulsions—surfactant-free emulsions which utilize nanoor micron-sized particles to stabilize the immiscible liquid-liquid interface. Due to the extreme tunability of both the ILs and particles used, the study of IL-based Pickering emulsions yields novel emulsion morphologies and...

We present the results of an experimental investigation into the stability of steep interfacial waves in two immiscible liquid layers subject to horizontal oscillations. Two-dimensional waves, which arise beyond a critical forcing speed Vc (product of forcing frequency and amplitude), can in turn lose stability to oscillatory transverse amplitude modulations with a near sub-harmonic response at...

Droplet-interface bilayers (DIBs) have applications in disciplines ranging from biology to computing. We present a method for forming them manually using a Teflon tube attached to a syringe pump; this method is simple enough it should be accessible to those without expertise in microfluidics. It exploits the properties of interfaces between three immiscible liquids, and uses fluid flow through ...

Effective control of phase growth under harsh conditions (such as high temperature, highly conductive liquids or high growth rate), where surfactants are unstable or ineffective, is still a long-standing challenge. Here we show a general approach for rapid control of diffusional growth through nanoparticle self-assembly on the fast-growing phase during cooling. After phase nucleation, the nanop...