Two logics are implicationally equivalent if the axioms and inference rules of each imply the axioms of the other. Characterizing the implicational equivalences of various formulations of the sentential calculi is foundational to the study of logic. Using an automated deduction system, I show that Łukasiewicz's CN sentential calculus can be derived from Church's P2; the proof appears to be novel.

In this short paper we present a finer analysis of the variants of Local Deduction Theorem in contraction-free logics. We define some natural generalisations called Implicational Deduction Theorems and study their basic properties. The hierarchy of classes of logics defined by these theorems is presented.

This paper develops the concept of word order universals based on a data analysis Universal Dependencies project, which proposes treebanks more than 90 languages encoded with same annotation scheme. The nature we work allows us to extract rich details for testing well-known typological implicational and, further, explore new kinds that call quantitative universals. We show how such are in essen...

This paper deals with statistical (non-implicational) semantic maps, built automatically using classical multidimensional scaling from a direct comparison of parallel text data (the Gospel according to Mark) in the domain of motion events (case/adpositions) in 153 languages from all continents in 190 parallel clauses. The practical objective of is to present one way (among other possible ways) ...

Benign cystic teratomas of the lung are extremely rare. We diagnosed such case in 22 years old male suffering from heaviness left side chest for 2 with occasional cough expectoration 1 year. Patient suffered typical symptom white hair expectoration. Diagnosis was confirmed on computed tomography thorax and Fine needle aspiration cytology. Teratoma located anterior segment upper lobe treated lob...

introduction: periodontitis is an inflammatory periodontal disease that leads to tooth loss. recently laser has been introduced as an alternative treatment for periodontitis. the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (er:yag) laser with ultrasonic scaler in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis. methods: in this randomized single-blind...

a method for predicting liquid densities of binary mixtures from heat of vaporization and liquid densityat boiling point temperature (δhvap and n b ρ ) as scaling constants, is presented. b2(t) follows a promisingcorresponding-states principle. calculation of α(t) and b(t), the two other temperature-dependentconstants of the equation of state, are made possible by scaling. as a result δhvap and...

This article seeks to shed more light on the well-studied, yet still challenging, dative alternation. It starts from the cognitive-typological suggestion of Croft (2001, 2003) that language-internal variation is subject to the same constraints as cross-linguistic variation (the semantic map model), and that careful languagespecific research may therefore reveal facts about language in general. ...

The main condition of the differently implicational inferencealgorithm is reconsidered from a contrary direction, which motivatesa new fuzzy inference strategy, called the double fuzzyimplications-based restriction inference algorithm. New restrictioninference principle is proposed, which improves the principle of thefull implication restriction inference algorithm. Furthermore,focusing on the ...