this paper examines the short- and long-run effects of domestic research and development (r&d;) and foreign r&d; (throw the channels of capital goods import and foreign direct investment) on iranian economic growth using of endogenous growth models and bounds test approach to level relationship over the period of 1351-1386. bounds test approach results confirm the existence of long-run relation...

T his paper investigates the gain of bilateral trade between China and U.S. in manufacturing sectors when both countries play a role in asymmetric (biased) growth of  international trade. Our model includes a special case of Biased Growth Theory in international trade. We collected labor productivity, export and import data by using classification of manufacturing industries, for U.S...

To study non-durable import demand, we extend previous work done by Clarida (1994) and Ceglowski (1991) by considering a two-good version of the life cycle model in which we introduce time-nonseparability in the households' preferences. The model is estimated using quarterly data for US and France. Using the information contained in the observed stochastic and deterministic trends, we derive a ...

In this paper I estimate the labor demand response of Hungarian exporting firms to real exchange rate movements. The use of firm level export/import data enables me to separate two channels through which the exchange rate affects labor demand. First, a real depreciation raises the forint-equivalent price of foreign competitors, thereby boosting demand for the firm’s export and, hence, the firm’...

after second world war, demand for oil increased and in 1970s reached to its maximum growth. and naturally, providing this level of demand depended on much more import from opec, especially from middle eastern members. contemporaneous, in the early 1970s, some opec governments stopped granting new concessions and starting to claim equity participation in the existing concessions, with a few of ...

This study examines the effects of trade liberalization on the extensive and intensive margins of import and export in developing countries. The study use the duties and the trade liberalization dummy variable (the year which countries have significant reforms in trade policies) to represent trade liberalization. As a result, the study found that the trade liberalization has a significant impac...

Protein feeds in the European Union (EU) cover only 25% demand for protein, what oblige the particular members to import feeds with a high protein content, where the main place have soybean meal. The share of this feed in total quantity of feeds utilization in EU is about 9%. Yearly consumption of soybean meal in EU is about 32mln ton, from what 5.6% it falls on Poland (Rynek Pasz, 2010). Polan...