background: current development of surgery is due to medical practitioners and surgeons practices and experiments throughout the history. albucasis, the muslim spanish physician in 10 century ad was one of the pioneers in surgery that had major influence by his innovations in surgical techniques, treatment approaches and invention of instruments. he introduced a type of surgical knife named mok...

jami’s baharestan is one of the most valuable persian literary works; it embodies a lot of fruitful stories and discourses, whose most sources are arabic. though one may find out from jami’s words that he has not used the literary works of his predecessors, an investigation on arabic sources may lead one to lots of background works of the stories of this book. in this paper, we have identified ...

avicenna (980 – 1037 ad) known as the prince of physicians in the west was one of the most prominent persian thinkers, philosophers, and physicians. owing to his interests in cardiology, he authored considerable works on different aspects of cardiology. “resaley-e-ragshenasi” (book on pulsology) and”kitab al-adviyt- ol-qalbiye” (the book on drugs for cardiovascular diseases) are avicenna’s grea...

abu mansoor thaalabi refers to three royal courts of his era in his book “yatimat al-dahr”: harun-al-rashid in baghdad, sayf-al-dawla al-hamadani in aleppo, and sahib-ibn abbad in rey. the first was a caliph, the second a king, and the third a vizier. the charisma and generosity of these three figures attracted a huge number of scholars, poets, writers and artists, which led to cultural and sci...

adaptation has a long history in islamic culture. transcribing and recording holy quran and hadith (tradition) has strictly been under severe rules and regulations, while little attention was paid to fidelity in translating and quoting other works. this infidelity sometimes went to excess so that it could be properly considered as plagiarism. such instances cannot be neglected because of their ...

safīnat al-bihār wa madīnat al-hikam wa al-āthār, a precious book by sheikh abbās qumī, is a comprehensive content list for the famous book, bihar al-’anwār al-jāmi‘ah li al-durar al-akhbār al-’a’immat al-’athār by allāmah madjlesī. the big number of volumes bihar al-’anwār’ contains as well as the diverse subjects it covers, caused the hadīth narrator, qumī, to write a content list for that bo...

mohammad ebn-e mobarak shah ghazvini (d. 996), known as hakim shah, was a sage, orator, philosopher and well-practiced physician in the ottoman court. he enjoyed the apprenticeship of great masters namely jalaloddin davani and sadroddin dashtaki. due to his mastery of persian, arabic and turkish and because of his access to ancient books, he has managed to write books on a variety of sciences. ...