Todays world relies heavily on spatial data to manage the natural and built environments. Monitoring and controlling the impact of human activities on the environment and the impact of natural environmental changes (including natural hazards) on the built environment is a major policy driver for many jurisdictions. The mitigation of natural hazards including tsunamis, earthquakes and landslides...

Air pollution is one of the major issues about the diesel engines in todays' world. It is a special concern in those areas that have difficulty meeting health-based outdoor air quality standards. Natural gas has low emission and resource abundance and also conventional compression ignition engine can be easily converted to a dual fuel mode to use natural gas as main fuel and diesel as pilot ...

a varity of policy making models have been put forward in different era. although in real world each one of these models have a color and crystallized and an effect of each one could be traced in policy making . it is endeavored with the consideration of complexity of business environment and its various performers & players involved to present a conceptual model of policy making in order to im...