Many physiological processes function efficiently within a well-controlled pH range. Higher acidity level has been implicated with a number of systemic pathologies. The potential of pH sensitive fluorescent probes for reporting on biological environments has been widely utilized in a variety of cell studies and has been recently recognized as a powerful technique for in vivo imaging of diseases...

Multiphoton microscopy enables imaging deep into scattering tissues. The efficient generation of non-linear optical effects is related to both the pulse duration (typically on the order of femtoseconds) and the size of the focused spot. Aberrations introduced by refractive index inhomogeneity in the sample distort the wavefront and enlarge the focal spot, which reduces the multiphoton signal. T...

In this review, we highlight the major scientific breakthroughs in kidney research achieved using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and summarize the milestones in the technological development of kidney MPM during the past 10 years. Since more and more renal laboratories invest in MPM worldwide, we discuss future directions and provide practical, useful tips and examples for the application of this...

Using a Cre-Lox conditional knockout strategy, we generated a germ cell-specific androgen receptor (AR) knockout mouse (G-AR(-/y)) with normal spermatogenesis. Sperm count and motility in epididymis from AR(-/y) mice are similar to that of WT (G-AR(+/y)) mice. Furthermore, fertility tests show there was no difference in fertility, and almost 100% of female pups sired by G-AR(-/y) males younger ...

DNA repair efficiency is an important determinant of oocyte quality and female fertility. DYNLL1 (Dynein light chain 1) plays a part in double-strand break (DSB) choice by promoting error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) contrast limiting accurate error-free homologous recombination (HR) repair. Here, we showed that transcript abundance decreases gradually during follicular growth mice. ...