Today, due to qualitative growth and scientific advances, energy, especially electricity is increasingly needed by human society. One of the almost endless and pure energy which have been paid attention over the years is the solar energy. Solar cells directly convert solar energy into electrical energy and are one of the main blocks of photovoltaic systems. Significant improvement has been made...

in this paper, aggregation behaviors of aqueous solutions of short chain hydrophilic ionic liquids (ils), 1 – allyl - 3 - methylimidazolium chloride ([amim]cl), 1 - ethyl - 3 - methylimidazolium chloride ([emim]cl), 1 - butyl - 3 - methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]cl), 1 - butyl - 3 - methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]bf4) were investigated using conductivity and laser light scatterin...

We show that the commonly used Rayleigh-Debye method for calculating light scattering can lead to significant errors when used for describing scattering from dilute solutions of long rigid polymers, errors that can be overcome by use of the easily applied Shifrin approximation. In order to show the extent of the discrepancies between the two methods, we have performed calculations at normal inc...

Introduction: Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an imaging method in which light source and detector are installed on the head; consequently, re-emission of light from human skin contains information about cerebral hemodynamic alteration. The spatial probability distribution profile of photons penetrating tissue at a source spot, scattering into the tissue, and being released at ...

The aggregation behavior of anionic Cobalt(II) 4,4′,4ʺ,4‴-tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine, [Co(TSPc)4-] was studied at its various concentrations and different ionic strengths using optical absorption and resonance light scattering (RLS) spectroscopies in 5 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 at 25 °C. The results show no aggregation behavior at concentration range of 5.1 × 10-6-7....

Fine particulate matter (PM) is capable of scattering and absorbing light and is the main culprit of visibility degradation. Major PM chemical components have been characterized for their light absorption and scattering efficiency, but separating the organic components has yet to be fully parameterized with light extinction coefficients. In this study, light extinction data and PM2.5 chemical c...

Wavefront shaping (WFS) has emerged as powerful tool to control the propagation of diverse wave phenomena (light, sound, microwaves, ...) in disordered matter for applications including imaging, communication, energy transfer, micromanipulation, and scattering anomalies. Nonetheless, practice necessary coherent multiple input channels remains a vexing problem. Here, we overcome this difficulty ...