Marine elasmobranchs retain relatively high levels of urea to counterbalance the osmotic strength of seawater. Oviparous species, such as the little skate Raja erinacea, release encapsulated embryos that hatch after about 9 months on the seafloor. To study the ureosmotic capability of skate embryos, we measured a variety of possible osmolytes and ornithine-urea cycle (OUC) enzyme activities in ...

withania somnifera (l.) dunal is an erect evergreen shrub commonly known as ashwagandha. it is widely used in ayurvedic, and in the traditional pharmacopeia system of india. it is one of the major ingredients in many formulations prescribed for a variety of musculo-skeletal conditions including arthritis and rheumatism. in the present study, variations in the quality and quantity of proteins an...

Background: Blood is permanently exposed to oxidation stress and therefore has a high antioxidants capacity. Many different factors increasing the demand for the antioxidant capacity can be observed in the stored blood of donors. Consequently, damage to erythrocytes by free radicals may occur. So it is useful to control the alternation of anti-oxidant enzymes in stored blood at different days o...

This study examined the effect of increasing chloroplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), or glutathione reductase (GR) activity via plant transformation of cotton on the initial recovery of photosynthesis following exposures to 10 degrees C and high photon flux density (PFD). Growing wild-type or non-expressing segregate plants (controls) and transformants at two PFDs ...

in order to study the effect of salt stress at different growth stages on physiological characteristics and enzyme superoxide dismutas (sod) activity in wheat genotypes a green house experiment was conducted at the agricultural research greenhouse, agricultural, medical and industrial research school, nuclear science and technology research institute of karaj. a split factorial design on the ba...

antioxidant activity of aerial part of cytisus scoparius, link (family leguminosae) was studied both by in vitro and in vivo models. different concentrations of different extracts of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and hydroalcoholic extracts of plant were investigated for in vitro antioxidant activity using the thiocyanate method. the hydroalcoholic extract exhibited highest inhibitory act...