The author would like to thank Jennifer Harvey, Hilary Michels, and Megan Taylor for their assistance with data collection and Colleen Willard-Holt and Kathy Brode for their help with this article. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Xu Xu, School of Behavioral Sciences and Education, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057. E-mail: [email protected]...

This study was set out to shed light on the efficacy of pushed output directed by scaffolding on 41 (24 female and 17 male) upper-intermediate EFL learners’ speaking fluency and accuracy. A public version of IELTS speaking test was held to measure learners’ entrance behavior. Then, they were randomly assigned into symmetrical, asymmetrical, and control group. The experimental and control groups...

We develop a theory of the ...rm in which the willingness of workers to cooperate with each other plays a central role. We study a dynamic principal-agent problem. In each period, the ...rm (the principal) chooses an incentive intensity (how much to pay workers per-unit of measured output) and the employees (the agents) allocate e¤ort between individual production and tasks that involve coopera...

The human musculoskeletal system must modulate work and power output in response to substantial alterations in mechanical demands associated with different tasks. In particular, in water, upper limb muscles must perform net positive work to replace the energy lost against the dissipative fluid load. Where in the upper limb are work and power developed? Is mechanical output modulated similarly a...

The topic of the thesis is codesign of flexible real-time control systems. Integrating control theory and real-time scheduling theory, it is possible to achieve higher resource utilization and better control performance. The integration requires new tools for analysis, design, and implementation. The problem of scheduling the individual parts of a control algorithm is studied. It is shown how s...