Materials with strong electronic Coulomb correlations play an increasing role in modern materials applications. “Thermochromic” systems, which exhibit thermally induced changes in their optical response, provide a particularly interesting case. The optical switching associated with the metal-insulator transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2), for example, has been proposed for use in numerous appli...

The drought continuity and also restricting watery sources caused agriculture section forgetold flooding methods for optimum water exploitation and proceeding new irrigation systems.New generation of irrigation systems called intelligent systems is a new solution leading toexploiting water increase to higher than 80%. In order to measure sensors and to controlprocessors in designing and dismoun...

Following the IAEA definitions, [1], a passive component does not need any external input or energy to operate and it relies only upon natural physical laws (e.g. gravity, natural convection, conduction, etc.) and/or on inherent characteristics (properties of materials, internally stored energy, etc.) and/or ‘intelligent’ use of the energy that is inherently available in the system (e.g. decay ...