gency department because of gradual blurring of vision in his right eye over 20 days and progressive loss of vision in the left eye over the previous eight months. One year earlier, he had started taking sodium valproate for mor ning migraines with only a partial response. Visual acuity was 20/30 (66.7%) in the right eye, and he could perceive only hand motions with the left eye. He also had a ...

BACKGROUND Candida spp. are dimorphic fungi in the family Cryptococcaceae. Infections with Candida spp. are usually rare conditions in dogs, but immunocompromised patients have a higher risk for developing invasive candidal infections. CASE PRESENTATION A 5-year-old male Boxer, positive to Leishmania infantum, was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Department of Veterinary Me...

Introduction: Ondine’s Curse is a catastrophic but rare condition in adults. It is referred to as a congenital or acquired condition, in which the patient cannot breathe automatically while asleep. Acquired causes of this disease can be any cause affecting the ventrolateral part of the medulla, which is considered to be the breathing center in humans.    Case Report:   A 51-year-old woman, with...

Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is associated with migraine pathophysiology, stroke recovery and vasospasm treatment. The potential vascular interplay of PDE5 inhibitors sildenafil, tadalafil and UK-114,542 was studied by intra- versus extra-luminal administration in rat middle cerebral arteries in vitro and on middle meningeal arteries in vivo. By Western blot PDE5 was detected in both cerebral and...

FENTANYL ANn DROPFRIDOL, adrainistered either separately or combined in a fixed ratio of 1:50 as "Innovar," have been recommended as adjuncts to local anaesthesia for a wide variety of procedures. 1~ These have included diagnostic procedures, such as cerebral angiography a.~ on neurosurgieal patients, despite the well documented respiratory depression 6,7 associated with "Innovar" and fentanil....

background during laparoscopy, insufflation of an inert gas in the peritoneal cavity creates a working space to facilitate surgery. the space should be large enough to facilitate surgery without increasing intra-abdominal pressure (iap) over a threshold limit (usually 15 mm hg). objectives this experimental study was performed to evaluate the effects of increasing in intra-abdominal pressure on...