A salient feature of developing economies is the coexistence of a modern commercial sector alongside a traditional subsistence sector-the dual economy. The apparent differences in productivity between sectors imply substantial losses in aggregate productivity. Existing theories of the dual economy rely on exogenous price distortions, and cannot explain why or if these distortions evolve over th...

Shannon’s information theory states that there is a maximum rate for transmitting data reliably, implying almost always inevitably leak. Although has been advancement in protection technologies, lack of understanding about leaks and human error persists.

This paper explores the role of mortality as a determinant of educational attainment and fertility, both during the demographic transition and after its completion. Two main points distinguish our analysis from the previous ones. Together with the investments of parents in the human capital of children, traditional in the fertility literature, we introduce investments of adult individuals (pare...

For the first time Willem Floor in his interesting and worthy reading work, Public health in Qajar Iran, has correctly considered the general concept of medicine» in Iran derived from three sources: Galenic medicine, religious medicine and traditional medicine. According to Floor, (which later studies also confirm it), the Islamic period medical knowledge in Iran,&nbsp...

Block diagram languages provide an effective approach to developing Digital Signal Processing applications. The tools that support block diagram languages use existing compilation systems to produce code. The inefficiencies of the compilation systems are compounded with inefficiencies interfacing to them. Generation of intermediate code direct from the block diagram bypasses these inefficiencie...

As a common space, urban entrance is the first place that introduces a city to its visitors and it is imprinted in the memory of people. This study aims to provide a detailed analysis of physical development and activity patterns along the main entrance of Rasht, Iran. Utilized data in this research comes from a questionnaire survey through which 707 land lots along the main entrances were stu...

it seems that in spite of huge investments made in history of iranian medicine in recent years, the investments and the perspective of results obtained in studies of history of the islamic era medicine is not what was expected. a reason for this phenomenon can be absence of perspective and theoretical studies in this field. in this study, after explaining the how’s and why’s of the theory devel...