The article is devoted to the study of phenomena, such as duty and desire. These phenomena are interpreted in different ways within framework various philosophical trends, starting from antiquity ending with modernity. authors emphasize lack consensus scientific community interpretation these categories. Thus, R. Descartes believed that phenomenon debt arose human mind under influence social co...

Natural proteins are often confined within their local microenvironments, such as three-dimensional confinement in organelles or two-dimensional confinement in lipid rafts on cytoplasmic membrane. Spatial confinement restricts proteins' entropic freedom, forces their lateral interaction, and induces new properties that the same proteins lack at the soluble state. So far, the phenomenon of envir...

Abstract Marcus Willaschek and I have argued against the widespread assumption that Kant claims Moral Law—the supreme principle of morality—is (or must be regarded as) ‘self-legislated’. We argue instead describes Law as an a priori will. also his conception autonomy concerns not but substantive moral laws such law requires promoting happiness others. In present essay, respond to commentary by ...

a familiar criticism of kant, made by hegel and his followers, j .s. mill and others, is that there are no maxims that are in fact contradictory, as required for morality on kant's view. in this paper, i discuss the suggestion that our capacity for rational reflection itself implies universality, and that it is this universality that obliges us to act morally. i consider the idea that self...

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) ICP27 and ICP8 proteins have both been implicated in the transcription of late genes and regulation of viral gene expression. We showed previously that ICP27 and ICP8 associate with the RNAP II holoenzyme (Zhou and Knipe, J. Virol. 76, 5893-5904). Here, we demonstrate that ICP27 and ICP8 coprecipitate from lysates of HSV-1-infected HEp2 cells and from lysates of i...

the eighteenth century enlightenment is one of the most important foundations of the modern culture and thecontemporary western philosophy can be regarded as a dialogue between the enlightenment and its critics. although the roots of the enlightenment can be traced to the late middle ages and even before, but it is in kant’s “what is enlightenment?” (and implicitly in his critical trilogy and p...

art of Kant’s reason for writing the first Critique is to show the limits of theoretical reason; one of these limits is its inability to experience transcendence, to cognize supersensible objects, to intuit the sublime. But Kant doesn’t thereby want to make these experiences impossible—indeed, part of his reason for writing the second and third Critiques, along with such works as Religion withi...

At B19, Kant summarizes the general problem of pure reason in synthetic a priori judgments. The vicissitudes that have affected last century’s philosophy are, this sense, confirmation its significance: knowledge has indeed crossed all major philosophical currents twentieth century, being treated wide variety ways by phenomenologists, logical empiricists, and pragmatists. One most original treat...