OBJECTIVE To compare the normal labor progress of women whose labor was induced with that of women who labored spontaneously. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of all consecutive women admitted for labor at 37 weeks or more of gestation from 2004-2008 who reached the second stage of labor. Women whose labor was induced and women whose labor was augmented were compared with women who labore...

We investigate the microeconomic implications of labor regulations that protect employment and are expected to increase rigidity in labor markets. We exploit a unique outlet-level dataset obtained from a multi-national food chain operating about 2840 retail outlets in over 48 countries outside the US. The dataset provides information on output, input costs and labor costs at a weekly frequency ...

BACKGROUND Mode of delivery at first childbirth largely determines mode of delivery at subsequent births, so it is particularly important to understand risk factors for cesarean delivery at first childbirth. In this study, we investigated risk factors for cesarean delivery among nulliparous women, with focus on the association between labor induction and cesarean delivery. METHODS A prospecti...

In this paper we use data from the New Immigrant Survey to investigate the impact of immigrant women's own labor supply prior to migrating and female labor supply in their source country on their labor supply and wages in the United States to provide evidence on the roles of culture and social capital. We find, as expected, that women who migrate from countries with relatively high levels of fe...

OBJECTIVE Our main objective was to investigate the association between duration of active labor and severe postpartum hemorrhage. We examined the effect of the total duration of active labor, the effect of each stage of active labor, and the gradient effect of duration of labor on severe postpartum hemorrhage. METHODS A case-control study was generated from a source population of all women a...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes of maternal health care providers to pain relief during labor in Zaria, Nigeria. METHODS This was a multicenter, collaborative, cross-sectional pilot study of provider perspectives concerning pain relief during labor. A structured, self-administered, questionnaire was completed by 95 consenting maternal health care providers at ...

This paper studies the conditions under which the scarcity of a factor (in particular, labor) encourages technological progress and technology adoption. In standard endogenous growth models, which feature a strong scale e¤ect, an increase in the supply of labor encourages technological progress. In contrast, the famous Habakkuk hypothesis in economic history claims that technological progress w...

background and aim: one of the key aspects of maternal care is observing the progress of labor. careful assessment of labor progress could provide mothers to be referred on time and could decrease the maternal and neonatal morbidity. this study aimed to compare diagnostic accuracy of purple line with transvers diagonal of michaelis sacral rhomboid to predict labor progress in nulliparous and mu...