Landscape Ecology Group, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany Institute of Geoecology, University of Potsdam, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Department of Conservation Biology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of Würzburg, Glashuettenstrasse 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany Institute of ...

Utility lines are sometime criticized as a prime factor in the unsightly visual impression of Japanese landscapes. This research investigates cognitive bias leading landscapes to seem be wirescapes. Participants evaluated two kinds landscape pictures: one with electronic and another where were digitally eliminated. When side by side, participants showed clear preference for picture over other, ...

Understanding how people perceive landscapes is essential for the design of forest landscapes. The study investigates intensity affects landscape complexity, preference, and eye movements urban settings. Eight groups twenty-four pictures, representing lawn, path, waterscape settings in forests, with each type setting having two pictures one group four were selected. classified into slight, low,...

In this paper, we first use a fuzzy preference relation with a membership function representing preference degree forcomparing two interval-valued fuzzy numbers and then utilize a relative preference relation improved from the fuzzypreference relation to rank a set of interval-valued fuzzy numbers. Since the fuzzy preference relation is a total orderingrelation that satisfies reciprocal and tra...

Popcorn fractals are instances of Integrated Fractal Systems involving trigonometric functions. In this paper, we study the effect of spherical, swirl and pseudo-horseshoe functions on popcorn fractals to produce talismanic and tantric designs. General Terms Fractal, Algorithm, Turbo C++, Program.

We use a stated choice experiment to estimate household willingness-to-pay for a program providing incentives to private forest land owners in the Red Hills region of southwest Georgia and northwest Florida. The estimated values of various program attributes inform a landscape analysis that identifies high-priority private forest land that could be targeted for conservation incentives. Househol...

Inequity aversion models have dominated the behavioral economics landscape in the last decade. This study uses variants of dictator and trust games to provide empirical content to these models. We manipulate market features—such as competition over resources—to demonstrate that extant models cannot explain realistic manipulations of either game. For example, we show that if socially acceptable ...

landscape fragmentation has threatened the landscape continuity of ray which was maintainedfrom prehistoric times until recent decades. from 19th century that tehran sprawl growth affected ray’slandscape as a satellite city of tehran, ray experienced rapid landscape fragmentation and underwent manychanges. in order to cope with the threat, the process of changes from landscape fragmentation sho...