This qualitative study analyzes the reasons of college students for learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in Costa Rica and the reasons of high school students for learning German as a foreign language (GFL) in the US. It asks to what extent the learners’ reasons align with or deviate from neoliberal discourses that commodify foreign languages. The analysis of 27 interviews in a US high ...

The present study investigated the possible relationships between multiple intelligences, critical thinking and language proficiency level of Iranian English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. The participants of the study included 117 intermediate young - adult EFL learners from ILI language i n- st i tute in Tehran, Iran. The participants were invited to complete MIDAS and Critical thinking ...

Humanizing language learning materials helps language teachers to design activities that are linked to learn- ers’ lives and experiences. This can result in higher motivation and engagement in the process of foreign language learning. Self-determination theory-based instruction enhances learners’ engagement and motiva- tion through supporting the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competen...

negation has many complicated forms and can be represented in a variety of ways. some sentences have explicit negation items and some other sentences convey the notion of negation without having any explicit negation item. negative polarity items (npis) are expressions that need to a negative context to be grammatically correct, and their meanings are compatible with negative sentences and are ...

a growing body of research has indicated that students of esl/efl are reticent and unwilling to be engaged in oral activities in english lessons. communicative language ability includes speaking ability, so vocabulary knowledge plays an integral role in speaking a language. however, there have been few studies examining the degree to which vocabulary knowledge affects speaking ability. the pres...

the effect of motivational self-regulatory strategies on l2 learners’ achievement has scarcely been examined within the context of our country, iran. this study is concerned with examining the relationship between motivational self-regulatory strategies and their l2 reading and l2 writing achievement. it also explores the relationship of motivational self-regulatory strategies and use of langua...

recent interaction studies havefocused on the relationship between interactional feedback and l2 development.despite the large body of knowledge in this regard, few studies have examinedlearners’ preferences for interactional feedback. besides, different findingshave been reported concerning learners’ preferences for feedback and none hasexamined the factors accounting for the variation in the ...