First we should mention legislation related to the higher education (HE) in the Republic of Latvia. The key laws regulating HE are as follows: ‘Law on higher education establishments’ passed in 1995 (revised in 2000), and ‘Frame Law on Education’ passed in 1998. Regulation of HE is referred to also in the ‘Law on Professional Education’ passed in 1999 and other laws, for instance, the law ‘On S...

This study explores the worldwide use of compulsory commitment to care (CCC) at the end of the 20 century and evaluates the implementation of WHO recommendations since the 1960s. Based on three WHO reports, the legislation of 90 countries and territories are analyzed, and types as well as predictors of such legislation are analyzed in multivariate models from country characteristics. Laws on CC...

This paper contributes to the literature on divided government and legislative productivity. We begin by reexamining Mayhew's data on landmark enactments. We show that Mayhew's claim that divided government does not affect legislative productivity is a consequence of aggregating time series that exhibit different behavior. We then extend Mayhew's analysis by broadening the concept of significan...

The international community has raised concerns regarding the extent to which countries have implemented laws and policies to support the rights and wellbeing of children. This study evaluates the progress of least-developed countries (LDCs) and middle-income countries (MICs) in developing such legislation. Surveys were sent to 131 UNICEF country offices. Items included efforts to promote famil...

approving the children’s protecting laws, we confront with the samples of criminal and ethic policies taken in order to keep children safe against any discrmination. taking a short brief of issues disscussed in this framework, we can recognize that the lawmakers are under the influence of children rights convention and the facts related to it. the law which is based on children abuse, brings th...

in this study, an attempt has been made to expound the iranian law of intellectual property in relation to biotechnology. the most important themes studied are patents, industrial designs and trade marks. the latest relevant piece of legislation concerning the subject matters was passed in march 2008. however, the history of laws and regulations in this field goes back to early twentieth centur...

Recent scholarship suggests that the U.S. Supreme Court might be constrained by Congress in constitutional cases. We suggest two potential paths to Congressional influence on the Court’s constitutional decisions: a rational-anticipation model, in which the Court moves away from its preferences in order to avoid being overruled, and an institutional-maintenance model, in which the Court protects...

The public policy of the United States is broadly in favor of competition. Our antitrust laws are premised on the idea that in the absence of such legislation private interests would seek to create monopolies, fix prices, restrain trade, and stifle competition. Moreover, the federal government, as well as the states and municipalities, has laws mandating competitive bidding on government contra...