In the present study, 32 hexane and ethanol extracts of Protium bahianum, P. heptaphyllum, Croton sellowii, C. rhamnifolius, C. jacobinensis, C. micans and Muntingia calabura were screened for antibacterial activity by the disc-diffusion method. Cytotoxicity assays using the brine shrimp Artemia salina Leach as a model were performed to determine lethal doses for 50% of individuals (LC50 μg/mL)...

The influence of dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) source on copper toxicity was investigated with larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in reconstituted moderately hard water. Ninety-six-hour static renewal toxicity tests were conducted to investigate an assumption of the biotic ligand model (BLM) that NOM source does not need to be considered to adequately predict copper toxicity....

Caged Aedes aegypti were exposed to a range of concentrations of d-phenothrin, d-allethrin and tetramethrin in a wind tunnel. Mortality, blood engorgement and egg production among these mosquitoes and their progeny were recorded. Tetramethrin was the most effective (LC50 of 0.0017%), followed by d-phenothrin (LC50 0.0031%) and d-allethrin (LC50 0.01%). Blood engorgement was decreased by treatme...

Anopheles aquasalis larvae are salt water tolerant, preferring concentrations between 10 and 20 parts per thousand (ppt). The larvicidal efficacy of two formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Vectobac-12AS and Bactivec), was investigated against An. aquasalis at salinities of 0, 10, and 20 ppt. A probit analysis was used to calculate the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC95) f...

Background: Iron, manganese, and aluminum are three abundant metals on earth and their concentrations have increased in aquatic environments as a result of natural and industrial activities. This study was undertaken to report the median acute toxicity (LC50) and accumulation of the sub-lethal concentration (10% 96-h LC50) of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and aluminum (Al) in kutum (Rutilus kutum) ...

Objective(s):Copper oxidenanoparticles have different industrial applications so it is inevitable that nanoparticulate products finally find their way into aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless there is little information available about their effects on some of edible fish. The present study aims to determine the acute toxicity and evaluate the effect of two sub-acute concentrations (50 and 70% 96 ...

Numerous studies have been focused on natural anticarcinogenic agents. Many antioxidants have been identified as anticarcinogens. Antimutagens have also been proposed as cancer chemopreventive agents. The use of natural products as anticancer has a long history that began with traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of twenty-three plant...

Two structurally related (48.6% amino acid sequence identity) peptides with cytotoxic activity against human non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were purified from the venom of the Eastern green mamba Dendroaspis angusticeps using reversed phase HPLC. The peptides were identified as members of the three-finger superfamily of snake toxins by mass fingerprinting of tryptic digests. The ...

The essential oil extracted from Piper betle L. leaf using pilot plant steam distillation was tested against the adult housefly, Musca domestica, for insecticidal activity. LC50 values at the end of 24 and 48 h exposure periods were 10.3 and 8.7 mg/dm, respectively. Ceylon citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus) used as a standard showed LC50s of 26.5 and 24.2 mg/dm for the same exposure periods. Bi...

Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) is a suitable agent for controlling Chironomus kiiensis, a major pest polluting water. In this study, laboratory bioassays were used to study toxicity and affecting factors of Bti on C. kiiensis larvae. Tests were conducted using three commercial Bti formulations (oil miscible suspension, 1,200 ITU/mL; wettable power, 1,200 ITU/mg; technica...