Rice leaf blight, which is caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), results in huge losses in grain yield. Here, we show that Xoo-induced rice leaf blight is effectively controlled by niclosamide, an oral antihelminthic drug and molluscicide, which also functions as an anti-tumor agent. Niclosamide directly inhibited the growth of the three Xoo strains PXO99, 10208 ...

Pecan bacterial leaf scorch (PBLS) and the pathogen Xylella fastidiosa were identified in 20 pecan cultivars observed in Louisiana commercial orchards over a twoyear period. The disease occurred in the majority of orchards observed and was distributed throughout the pecan growing areas of the state. Leaf scorch was most prevalent in the Cape Fear cultivar. A few other cultivars sometimes exhibi...

Rusts are important pathogens of angiosperms and gymnosperms including cereal crops and forest trees. With respect to cereals, rust fungi are among the most important pathogens. Cereal rusts are heteroecious and macrocyclic requiring two taxonomically unrelated hosts to complete a five spore stage life cycle. Cereal rust fungi are highly variable for virulence and molecular polymorphism. Leaf r...

Cellulysin-induced ethylene production in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaf discs was enhanced several-fold by prior exposure of the leaf tissue to ethylene. This enhancement in the response of the tissue to Cellulysin increased rapidly during 4 and 8 hours of pretreatment with ethylene and resulted from greater conversion of methionine to ethylene. On treatment with Cellulysin, the content o...

Strobilurin is a group of natural products and their synthetic analogs have been widely used to control prevent fungal diseases. Strobilurins were firstly isolated in 1977 from the mycelium Strobilurus tenacellus, saprobic Basidiomycete fungus causing wood-rotting on forest trees. This pesticides was designed manage pathogens classes such as Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Oomycetes. Also, commerc...

Areca nut is a plant that cultivated by the people of Papua as means livelihood. has many benefits, starting from fruit, leaves, roots, and economic value betel also quite good. The problem often encountered areca cultivators damage caused diseases, causing losses both in terms yield control. In this study, expert system for diagnosing diseases uses Certainty Factor method, essence method to me...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of endometriosis in women with premenstrual spotting and to determine the predictive value of this symptom in the diagnosis of endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 80 consecutive women who presented to the infertility clinic for evaluation and who subsequently underwent laparoscopic assessment...