Analyses of sequence data from three nuclear genes and one chloroplast gene region for Juniperus blancoi, J. b. var. huehuentensis, J. mucronata, J. scopulorum and J. virginiana revealed that the J. blancoi huehuentensis mucronata complex is closely allied but distinct from J. scopulorum and very distinct from J. virginiana. The combined DNA data support J. mucronata as a sibling species to J. ...

BACKGROUND Several plants traditionally used in treatment of a variety of infections in South Africa are reported in ethnobotanical surveys. Many of these plants including Ziziphus mucronata subsp. mucronata lack scientific reports to support their medicinal importance. METHODS The antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of the acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of the stems of Z. muc...

Chemical examination of the methanolic extract from the stem bark of Daphne aurantiaca led to the isolation of three new flavonoids (1-3), and 29 known flavonoids. All 32 compounds were isolated for the first time from Daphne aurantiaca. The isolates were tested for inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compounds 21...

Objective: Currently 1/12 of the world’s population has diabetes mellitus (DM), many are or will be screened by having retinal images taken. This current study aims to compare the DAPHNE software’s ability to detect DR in three different European populations compared to human grading carried out at the Moorfields Eye Hospital Reading Centre (MEHRC). Participants: Retinal images were taken from ...

Wall lizards of the genus Podarcis (Sauria, Lacertidae) comprise 17 currently recognized species in southern Europe, where they are the predominant nonavian reptile group. The taxonomy of Podarcis is complex and unstable. Based on DNA sequence data, the species of Podarcis falls into four main groups that have substantial geographic coherence (Western island group, southwestern group, Italian g...