Carrot slices were subjected to one of the following experiments prior to deep-frying: (A) dehydration/rehydration, (B) soaking in different antioxidants, and (C) fermentation with/without blanching. There were no significant differences (P > or = 0.05) in carotenoid contents among carrot chips treated with/without dehydration. Soaking in sodium metabisulfite resulted in the highest carotenoid ...

A method lor the determination of lightness from image intensity is presented. For certain classes ot images, lightness corresponds to reflectance, while image intensity is the product of reflectance and illumination intensity. The method is two-dimensional and depends on the different spatial distribution of these two components of image intensity. Such a lightness-judging process is required ...

This paper proposes a Gaussian mixture based image enhancement method which uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) to have an edge over other contemporary methods. The proposed method uses the guassian mixture model to model the lightness histogram of the input image in CIEL*a*b* space. The intersection points of the guassian components in the model are used to partition the lightness histogram...

Experiments have recently been reported in which a decisive change in perceived light~ess was produced by a change in perceived spatial position, with no important change in the retinal image. A number of previous studies had found Little or no such effect. Experiments of the kind that produced these effects and of the kind that do not produce these effects are presented here. The main differen...

Using biocomposites containing wheat straw (WS) and synthetic polymers like polyethylene (PE) has gained tremendous popularity, but its application in the packaging industry is not substantial. Due to the prevalence of raw WS color which manifests itself in the WS/LDPE biocomposite, the present investigation is dedicated to fabricate a bleached WS/LDPE composite. Thus, raw WS and the pulp of WS...

In this contribution, the color of dry beech wood from zone, sapwood, mature and false heartwood Fagus sylvatica L. trees was analyzed, measurement values were statistically processed in relation to lightness coordinate L* as well chromatic coordinates red a* yellow b* space CIE L*a*b*. The dispersion (color dispersion) ∆EuC coreless zones evaluated through combined standard uncertainties indiv...

Natural viewing challenges the visual system with images that have a dynamic range of light intensity (luminance) that can approach 1,000,000:1 and that often exceeds 10,000:1 [1, 2]. The range of perceived surface reflectance (lightness), however, can be well approximated by the Munsell matte neutral scale (N 2.0/ to N 9.5/), consisting of surfaces whose reflectance varies by about 30:1. Thus,...

When judging the lightness of objects, the visual system has to take into account many factors such as shading, scene geometry, occlusions or transparency. The problem then is to estimate global lightness based on a number of local samples that differ in luminance. Here, we show that eye fixations play a prominent role in this selection process. We explored a special case of transparency for wh...

The earliest thinking about lightness assumed that perceptual experience correlates with local stimulation. Wallach’s (1948) celebrated disk/annulus experiments showed that lightness depends on relative luminance, not absolute luminance, but his ratio theory recognized perceptual structure in only a minimal way. Work following the cognitive revolution showed that lightness depends on (1) depth ...

In a simple two-dimensional (2D) display composed of two uniform surfaces with different luminances, the lightness of the darker surface varies as a function of its relative area while its luminance is held constant (Gilchrist & Radonjić, 2009; Li & Gilchrist, 1999). This phenomenon is known as the area rule of lightness, and although it is extensively studied in the literature, the underlying ...