The aim behind Optical Character Recognition is to create human like perception and character identification by artificial systems. A lot of work has been done for printed and handwritten character recognition for many languages across the world. Even for many Indian languages, a good amount of work is done, but it could not get that accuracy as English, Germen etc. languages because of its com...

The vast majority of bilingual studies involve two spoken languages. Such “unimodal” bilingualism automatically entails a severe production constraint because one cannot physically produce two spoken words or phrases at the same time. For unimodal (speech-speech) bilinguals, there is a single output channel, the vocal tract, for both languages. In contrast, for bimodal (speechsign) bilinguals, ...

Gnostic prose works cover a wide range of subjects, contents, styles, structures, languages, and manners of expression. They might, therefore, be all categorized under one single literary genre. Applying the general term "gnostic prose works" to these oeuvres hinders our understanding of their true nature. Despite that many gnostic prose works belong to Gnosticism, they have special characteris...

the study of internal structure and functions of pronouns across languages can be useful for typological, theoretical as well as descriptive studies. personal pronouns in iranian languages and dialects have been investigated in the present study. the study has indicated that the pronouns are in clitic as well as free morphemes. the study also indicated that the languages and dialects benefit fr...

. cross-cultural understanding dates back to the discovery of the third world, its peoples, and its religions. along this, the place of studying other peoples came in view. demography and orientalism were two disciplines which first aimed at studying other peoples regardless of their beliefs. after some thirty years, emphasis was laid on their beliefs, too. today after disproof of the anticipat...

Fingerspelling is a critical component of many sign languages. This manual representation orthographic code one key way in which signers engage translanguaging, drawing from all their linguistic and semiotic resources to support communication. Translanguaging bimodal bilinguals unique because it involves languages different modalities, namely signed language like American Sign Language spoken E...

Strictly Piecewise (SP) languages are a subclass of regular languages which encode certain kinds of long-distance dependencies that are found in natural languages. Like the classes in the Chomsky and Subregular hierarchies, there are many independently converging characterizations of the SP class (Rogers et al., to appear). Here we define SP distributions and show that they can be efficiently e...

since the second half of the first century ad onward, varicus verbal sects and religions began to flourish. one of the currents, thought was mutazelie that there was no desirable relations with shia until the middle of third century ad. therefore, at this point of times many leaders of two groups wrote so many refutuation in the case of each other, that their purpose of this action was to defen...