Most countries are using some kinds of pharmaceutical policies, like external reference-based pricing, to control the costs of medicines. This policy could be implemented in different ways and there is no systematic method for selecting reference countries. In this study, we tried to identify and classify the factors affecting the selection of reference countries in Iran. Delphi method was empl...

the central bank, as an institution that directly controls the monetary system of the country, can also pursue goals such as managing interest rates, volume of currency, inflation, unemployment and even income distribution. in some countries (like iran) it functions as the part of the government and in some other countries the central bank is independent and follows its macro-policies. accordin...

nursing research in the middle east: a multi-layer bibliometric study rashidi a * received: 12 aug , 2013 accepted: 26 oct , 2013 abstract background & aims: nurses along with other clinical professions play important role on people's health around the world. however various bibliometric analysis in medical care have shown a notable level of sophistication, a few bibliometric analysis has ...

Abstract Connecting to rule-makers in order to set favorable rules (lobbying) or paying government executives to bend the current rule (bribing) are the two main strategies for influencing government. This study in an evolutionary game model explain why bribing may become widespread while other states like compliance and cooperative lobbying are Pareto superior. The theoretical model is used ...

pelizaeus­-merzbacher-like disease (pmld) is a hypomyelinating leukoencephalopathy disorder with a genetically heterogeneous pattern. mutations in the gja12/gjc2 gene cause one form of autosomal recessive pelizaeus­-merzbacher-like disease. here, we report a new mutation in a ­10-month-old girl with nystagmus, psychomotor delay, hypotonicity, head nodding and dysmyelination from healthy second ...