nowadays, non-oil exports growth and increase of share in the world trade with the aim of stopping the dependence of irans economy on oil are considered an important responsibility for the decision-makers in the state and a crucial economic goal as well. thus from among the factors influencing non-oil exports, the exchange rate policies have always played a very important role. this paper tries...

Iran is one f the biggest oil producer and exporter of the world. Due to the special administrative and constitutional structure of the country, i.e. economic, social and political reasons, the government budget and revenues depend heavily on oil exports. The aim of this article is to suggest a theoretical proposal on the optimum level of non-oil exports such that it will clear up the idea of e...

this paper investigates the short- run and long-run effects of government size and exports on the economic growth of iran as a developing oil export based economy for the period of 1974 - 2008 using an autoregressive distributed lags (ardl) framework. a modified form of feder (1982) and subsequently ram’s (1986) model has been applied to include both government size and exports in growth equati...

South African trade policy has exerted a major influence on the composition and aggregate growth of trade. In the Apartheid period, trade protection seriously impeded both exports and imports, and the economy depended on favorable global commodity price trends to avoid running into an external constraint. South Africa developed a comparative advantage in capital-intensive primary and manufactur...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the impact of Research&Development (R&D) expenditures on research publications, patents and high-tech exports among European countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 47 European countries were included. The information regarding European countries, their per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), R&D spending, number of universities, indexed scienti...

Four major components influence the growth of the gross domestic product in Chinese provinces: consumption, investment, transnational exports, and inter-provincial exports. By splitting a competitive input-output table into a non-competitive input-output table, this study used an input-output model to measure the contributions of the four components of gross domestic product in various regions ...

With the recent shale gas boom, the U.S. is expected to have very large natural gas resources. In this respect, the key question is would it be better to rely completely on free market resource allocations which would lead to large exports of natural gas or to limit natural gas exports so that more could be used in the U.S.. After accounting for the cost of liquefying the natural gas and shippi...

Primary commodities are important exports for Fiji, contributing around 60 to 65 percent to total export receipts. Prices of primary commodities have been very unstable, subject to both secular and temporary fluctuations, which in turn, has given rise to unevenness in the value of export earnings and reserve levels. To date, there has not been any empirical evidence on the influence of commodit...

Cross-border production fragmentation enables countries to export domestic value added not only directly in the form of gross exports of final goods, but also indirectly by participating in global supply chains. This paper studies the determinants of trade in value added. I incorporate the global input-output structure into an international trade model to derive an approximate gravity equation ...