Background This article looks at the long-term, structural determinants of environmental and public health performance in the world system.   Methods In multiple standard ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models, we tested the effects of 26 standard predictor variables, including the ‘four freedoms’ of goods, capital, labour and services, on the following indicators of sustainable develop...

the study on water level fluctuation in the urmia lake has become of a great importance in recent years. this is due to the importance of the position of this lake as a natural heritage at an international level. the water level decrease at the urmia lake during the recent years has made it necessary to address the matter more than before. investigation and assessment of changes in the lake is ...

This article describes the insert sorting algorithm using macro instructions such as if-Macro (conditional branch macro instructions), for-loop macro instructions and While-Macro instructions etc. From the viewpoint of initialization, we generalize the halting and computing problem of the While-Macro. Generally speaking, it is difficult to judge whether the While-Macro is halting or not by way ...

The ubiquity of ever-connected smartphones has lead to new sensing paradigms that promise environmental monitoring in unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. Everyday people may use low-cost sensors to collect environmental data. However, measurement errors increase over time, especially with low-cost air quality sensors. Therefore, regular calibration is important. On a larger scale and...

Calculating summary statistics such as the mean, standard deviation, and an upper confidence limit on the mean is straightforward when the data values are known. However, environmental data often are reported from the analytical laboratory as left censored, meaning the actual concentration for a given contaminant was not detected above the method detection limit. Therefore, the true concentrati...

FOREWORD That a healthy environment is intrinsic to sustainable development is now generally accepted. However moving beyond mere recognition is more difficult. This includes understanding the dynamics, and myriad environmental, economic and social relationships. Greater insight into the interactions between the macro economy and the environment is critical. To address the last mentioned this p...

Elevated enzyme activities in plasma may at times be attributed to the presence of macro-enzymes. The macro-enzymes are often serum enzymes in complex with immunoglobulins, resulting in a greater molecular mass that cannot be filtered by renal glomeruli and are, hence, retained in the plasma. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) can exist as a macro-enzyme, although it has been rarely reported....

this study was conducted to evaluate seasonal concentrations of macro-minerals in serum or plasma of sheep under grazing conditions to establish mineral deficiencies and excesses over a two-seasonal grazing period (fall-winter and spring-summer corresponding to the rainy and dry seasons) according to variations of year, region and animal classes in sabalan, iran. in each flock, ten sheep (38-50...

measurement of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, ks, is normally affected by flow patterns such as macro pore; however, most current techniques do  not differentiate flow types, causing major problems in describing water and chemical flows within the soil matrix. this study compares eight models for scaling ks and predicted matrix and macro pore ks, using a database composed of 50 datasets...