In healthcare, a tension sometimes arises between the injunction to do as much good as possible with scarce resources and the injunction to rescue identifiable individuals in immediate peril, regardless of cost (the "Rule of Rescue"). This tension can generate serious ethical and political difficulties for public policy makers faced with making explicit decisions about the public funding of con...

Background Chile and Colombia are examples of Latin American countries with health systems shaped by similar values. Recently, both countries have crafted policies to regulate the participation of private for-profit insurance companies in their health systems, but through very different mechanisms. This study asks: what values are i...

In R&D projects, managers face a high degree of uncertainty due to their lack of experience with innovative products. However, managers, usually within a group, have to decide under uncertainty, to make the projects advance. In this context, some delays result from indecision or invalidation of the made decisions. To analyze the causes of these delays, a framework that formalizes the collective...

This paper reports the results of a study that attempts to assess the effects of decision making circumstances focusing mainly on the approaches applied and the managerial skills and capabilities the decision makers built on during concrete strategic decision making procedures. The study was conducted in California between September 2005 and June 2006 and it was sponsored by a Fulbright Researc...

In the modern world, government policy makers engage in the decision making process to pursue the interests of their countries. Think tanks play a significant role in this complicated process by giving advice to decision makers. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, think tanks increasingly emerged in the world, especially in Western European countries and the United States of America (...

In this paper, a discount model is proposed to coordinate pricing and ordering decisions in a two-echelon supply chain (SC). Demand is stochastic and price sensitive while lead times are fixed. Decentralized decision making where downstream decides on selling price and order size is investigated. Then, joint pricing and ordering decisions are extracted where both members act as a single entity ...

Policy makers around the world are calling for the production and diffusion of more useful information for environmental decision-making. Ideally, useful information expands alternatives, clarifies choice and enables policy makers to achieve desired outcomes. Decision makers, however, often lack the useful information needed for good decision-making. By concentrating efforts on increasing the s...

the focal objective of this study is to analyze and explore the co-movement of pakistan stock market (kse-100) with the stock market of developed countries (us, uk, canada, australia, germany, japan, france and neither land) which have portfolio investment in pakistan by applying co-integration approach using johansen and juselius multivariate and bi variate co-integration. secondary data of st...

This paper highlights the importance of research synthesis for healthcare managers' and policy makers' questions and the difficulty of generalizing from the methods used to answer clinicians' questions. Social science research has a central role in such syntheses because of the context-dependent nature of managers' and policy makers' questions, which generally encompass a far broader spectrum t...

Despite the many thousands of research studies published every year, evidence for making clinical decisions is often lacking. The main problem is that the evidence available is generated in conditions very different from those that prevail in routine clinical practice and with patients who are different. This is particularly a problem for low and middle income countries as most evidence is gene...