Once cut off from the main stem of the river, oxbow lakes commonly remain connected to the active river through narrow self-formed channels which evolve at the time of lake formation. These channels, referred to here as “tie channels” (Blake and Ollier 1971), allow the regular exchange of water and sediment; flow enters the lake when river stage exceeds lake stage and drains from the lake as ri...

The importance of understanding processes that govern the hydroclimate of the Mediterranean Basin is highlighted by the projected significant drying of the region in response to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. Here we study the long-term hydroclimatic variability of the central Levant region, situated in the eastern boundary of the Basin, as reveled by instrumental observations a...

Sketch-N-Make is a prototype system that enables individuals to create dimensioned designs quickly for a restricted, but broadly useful, domain of machined metal and plastic prismatic parts. Process plans, xturing, tool selection, feeds and speeds, and toolpaths are automatically generated from the designs allowing parts to be manufactured on a machining center with the aid only of a technician...

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When niching or speciation is required to perform a task that has several different component parts, standard genetic algorithms (GAs) struggle. They tend to evaluate and select all individuals on the same part of the task, which leads to genetic convergence within the population. The goal of evolutionary niching methods is to enforce diversity in the population so that this genetic convergence...

We have collected peak expiratory flow rates, one-second forced expiratory volumes, and forced vital capacities in sets of 10 or 20 values at one-minute intervals from 30 normal, 49 asthmatic, and 26 bronchitic subjects. Analysis shows that the derivatives are compatible with a normal distribution of the values in the sets, so that the true value is best represented by the arithmetic mean of al...