All sugar-coated tablets of chlorpromazine hydrochloride except for those produced by one manufacture showed concave dissolution profiles in water by paddle method at 100 rpm but not at 50 rpm. The study was undertaken to clarify the agitation-dependent abnormal dissolutions. The strange dissolutions were also observed in water at different ionic strengths but not in buffer solutions of pH 1.2,...

Gallstone dissolution may be possible only in selected patients. Patients with calcified or large gallstones are not suitable for dissolution. Citrate is normally present in bile and an oral citrate load can increase biliary citrate. A combination of chenodeoxycholic acid (C.D.C.A.) and citrate has been shown to dissolve calcified cholesterol gallstones in vitro. Patients with calcified or larg...

To study the effect of glycerin fatty acid ester (Poem TR-FB) concentrations on the dissolution rate of acetaminophen (APAP), the dissolution and disintegration behaviors of APAP tablets formulated using various lubricants were examined. The change over time in the available surface area of APAP (S(t)), which is in direct contact with solvent, was also analyzed using these dissolution data. In ...

Karst landscapes are often perceived as highly vulnerable to agricultural phosphorus (P) loss, via solution-enlarged conduits that bypass P retention processes. Although attenuation of P concentrations has been widely reported within karst drainage, the extent to which this results from hydrological dilution, rather than P retention, is poorly understood. This is of strategic importance for und...

In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is one of the effective technologies used for source zone remediation of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) such as chlorinated solvents in the subsurface environments. In karst systems, DNAPL source zones reside in epikarst where the contaminant is generally trapped in the soil or at the carbonate bedrock contact. The efficiency of oxidation of residual t...

Epilithic and endolithic biofilms were found to control the formation of stromatolites in karst-water creeks. We used microsensors to determine the influence of biological processes on chemical conditions within the microenvironment of crystal nucleation sites: the stromatolite surface. Phototrophic members of the biofilms consisted of mainly cyanobacteria and diatoms. Oxygen, pH, calcium, and ...