Correlation of molecular structure with biochemical functions of the plasma membrane of the microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells has been investigated by biochemical and electron microscopic procedures. Repeating particles, measuring approximately 60 Åin diameter, were found on the surface of the microvilli membrane which had been isolated or purified from rabbit intestinal epithelial cell...

Optical diffusometry is a technique used for measuring diffusion. This work explores the possibility of directly measuring diffusion coefficients of submicron particles for pathogen detection. The diffusion coefficient of these particles is a function of the drag coefficient of the particle at constant temperatures. Particles introduced into a sample containing an analyte bind with the analyte ...

Quantum theory stipulates that if two particles are identical in all physical aspects, the allowed states describing system either symmetric or antisymmetric with respect to permutations of single-particle states1–5. Experimentally, symmetry can be inferred indirectly from fact neglecting correct exchange theoretical analysis leads dramatic discrepancies observations6–13. The only way directly ...

We directly probe the microscopic structure, connectivity, and elasticity of colloidal gels using confocal microscopy. We show that the gel is a random network of one-dimensional chains of particles. By measuring thermal fluctuations, we determine the effective spring constant between pairs of particles as a function of separation; this is in agreement with the theory for fractal chains. Long-r...

Confocal microscopy is used in the study of colloidal gels, glasses, and binary fluids. We measure the three-dimensional positions of colloidal particles with a precision of approximately 50 nm (a small fraction of each particle's radius) and with a time resolution sufficient for tracking the thermal motions of several thousand particles at once. This information allows us to characterize the s...

in this paper, a new enhanced version of the particle swarm optimization (pso) is presented. an important modification is made by adding probabilistic functions into pso, and it is named probabilistic particle swarm optimization (ppso). since the variation of the velocity of particles in pso constitutes its search engine, it should provide two phases of optimization process which are: explorati...

dissolution pressure and nozzle temperature effects on particle size and distribution were investigated for ress (rapid expansion of supercritical solution) process. supercritical co2 was used as solvent and ibuprofen was applied as the model component in all runs. the resulting ibuprofen nano-particles (about 50 nm in optimized runs) were analyzed by sem and laser diffraction particle size ana...