More than 80% of ammonia (NH₃) in the steel manufacturing process wastewater is contributed from the coking wastewater, which is usually treated by biological processes. However, the NH₃ in the coking wastewater is typically too high for biological treatment due to its inhibitory concentration. Therefore, a two-stage process including a hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) and a modified memb...

Background and Objectives: Red beet extract concentrate can be used as a natural colorant in food products; however, destructive effects of thermal methods to produce juice concentrate decrease nutritional value in the final product. Materials and Methods: In this study, red beet extract was concentrated using osmotic distillation method, and the best pretreatment was evaluated to increase t...

Together with the supply of energy and the environmental protection, fresh water is one of the three keys elements for the sustainable development of every society. Where the availability of water cannot be carried out by using conventional sources, unavoidable appears the resort of the major water source: the sea. Today, RO is one the most used membrane processes for the production of fresh wa...

The obtained plants and by-products during food agricultural manufacturing processes are sources for many bioactive components that attract industrial academic interest. essential method of obtaining these is the extraction process by using solvents. efficiency mainly depends on choice selectivity However, most challenging step recovering from solvent to obtain active part pure products. In thi...

Membrane distillation is an emerging water distillation technology that offers several advantages compared to conventional water desalination processes. Although progress has been made to model and understand the physics of the process, many studies are based on steady-state assumptions or are computationally not appropriate for real time control. This paper presents the derivation of a novel d...

Boron is widely used in various areas of modern technology. Due to the environmental problems arising during production and use, studies on removal recovery boron from wastewater have been increased recently. Membrane distillation (MD) system smaller size with respect other common systems needs lower operating temperatures. In addition, equipment costs are reduced safety process increases since...

The dairy industry is considered one of the main industries not only in Iraq particular but throughout world. Different treatment methods have been used over time and different countries. Here, membrane distillation has to treat wastewater generated by this reduce burden on environment. In paper, direct was remove nitrates from discharged plants. This method easy operate, manage, many economic ...

• FO-MD process can yield a high water quality for most of the AD effluents. Obtained fluxes < 2 Lm ?2 h ?1 are too low industrial application at present. The energy consumption was 100 times less than electricity produced. cost produced by system 1.29 $ m ?3. For to be efficient, flux must exceed 14 ?1. Despite potential forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD) treat difficult waste...

Water is the most common substance in the world, however, 97% is seawater and only 3% is fresh water. The availability of water for human consumption is decreasing due to increasing the environmental pollution. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), about 2.4 billion people do not have access to basic sanitation facilities, and more than one billion people do not have access to safe ...