This study examined how knowledge of metacognitive strategies and navigation skills mediate the relationship between online reading activities and printed reading assessment (PRA) and electronic reading assessment (ERA) across 19 countries using the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) 2009 database. Participants were 34 104 fifteen-year-old students (female: 50.1%). The result...

In a language learning classroom, developing learners’ listening skills is vital part of development. ESL classrooms, it one the main learners have to master ensure effective communication so as enable shift from classroom real language. However, despite its importance, considered difficult skill develop and learn, especially in countries where English foreign Hence, present study investigated ...

Research on teacher cognition concerning listening instruction has not been sufficiently touched upon. The present case study aimed to investigate Iranian EFL teachers' stated practices, their perceptions of how effective those practices are, and their actual classroom practices of two casual process-oriented listening instructional approaches namely, strategy-based instruction (SBI) and metaco...

introduction: learning and studying are considered among the most basic processes of every educational system. one of the most essential factor in determining learning behaviours, is metacognitive awareness and perception. this study was performed to determine the relationship between students’ metacognitive awareness of reading strategies and their academic status. methods: in a descriptive co...

The assessment of students’ metacognitive knowledge and skills about reading is critical in determining their ability to read academic texts and do so with comprehension. In this paper, we used induction trees to extract metacognitive knowledge about reading from a reading strategies dataset obtained from a group of 1636 undergraduate college students. Using a C4.5 algorithm, we constructed dec...

background: several studies have shown that attentional bias plays a role in the beginning, persistence and relapse of substance abuse disorder. therefore, identifying the factors related to attentional bias in substance abusers is important. in so doing, the present study was aimed at examining the relationship between attentional bias, anxiety sensitivity and metacognitive beliefs in substanc...