OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of the superficial zone in regulating the frictional response of articular cartilage. This zone contains the superficial protein (SZP), a proteoglycan synthesized exclusively by superficial zone chondrocytes and implicated in reducing the friction coefficient of cartilage. DESIGN Unconfined compression creep tests with sliding of cartilage against glass in sa...

PURPOSE To evaluate the human bone tissue response to 2 surfaces (oxidized or turned) on commercially available titanium implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Screw-type turned (control) and oxidized (test) micro-implants were manufactured in the same manner as commercially available turned and oxidized (TiUnite, Brånemark System) implants. The thickness of the oxide layer of the test implants was ...

Due to growing cooling demands as well emerging global warming and climate change issues, systems should be more efficiently utilized. Boiling is an effective heat transfer mechanism, which has a critical role in many systems. Surface modification considered the major approach for boiling enhancement. In this study, we developed microbial bio-coating surface technique phase applications. Thermo...

When the characteristic structure size of component is at micron level, internal crystal grains, grain boundaries, and pore defects material with same level cannot be ignored, so micro-sized will show different physical properties from macro-sized component, which called effect. Since tool diameter a micro-end mill in also significant effect phenomenon. In addition, micro milling process, becau...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been applied as nano-fillers to improve mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of polymers. Despite near net shape techniques could be used manufacture nanocomposites, micromachining processes are still necessary attain high surface quality dimensional accuracy. Besides, nanocomposites a potential approach produce micro-features/components, following the mini...

There is shift in trend towards the use of high quality polymers as the base material in manufacturing microfluidic chips. In this paper, an amorphous metallic alloy mold insert was used in a micro injection-molding process to fabricate microfluidic features onto cyclic-olefin-copolymer (COC) material. The insert and fabricated samples were compared in terms of the geometry and surface roughnes...

In this study, Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is used to modify the surface of high carbon steel En31 with the help of tool electrode (Copper-Chromium-Nickel) manufactured by powder metallurgy (PM) process. The effect of EDM on surface roughness during surface alloying is studied. Taguchi’s Design of experiment (DOE) and L18 orthogonal array is used to find the best level of input paramet...

Micromilling is one of the preferable micro-manufacturing process, as it exhibits flexibility to produce complex 3D micro-parts. The cutting forces generated in micro end milling can be attributed for tool vibration and process instability. If are not controlled below critical limits, may lead catastrophic failure tool. Cutting force has a significant role decide surface roughness. Therefore ac...

Miniaturization encourages the development of new manufacturing processes capable of fabricating features, like micro-channels, in order to use them for different applications, such as in fuel cells, heat exchangers, microfluidic devices and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). Many studies have been conducted on heat and fluid transfer in micro-channels, and they appeared significantly devi...

In restorative treatment using fixed dental prostheses, dentists should select appropriate restoration material among various types of dental materials. The strength, marginal fit, esthetics, wear resistance, biocompatibility, and cost are important factors in the choice of restoration materials. The present case showed a surface stain on a monolithic zirconia restoration that was due to wear b...