We give a suucient condition for the inexpressibility of the k-th extended vector-ization of a generalized quantiier Q in FO(Q k), the extension of rst-order logic by all k-ary quantiiers. The condition is based on a model construction which, given two FO(Q 1)-equivalent models with certain additional structure, yields a pair of FO(Q k)-equivalent models. We also consider some applications of t...

Mature leaves of plants transferred from low to high light typically increase their photosynthetic capacity. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this dynamic acclimation requires expression of GPT2, a glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator. Here, we examine the impact of GPT2 on leaf metabolism and photosynthesis. Plants of wild type and of a GPT2 knockout (gpt2.2) grown under low light achieved the s...

In this study, a novel magnetic nanocomposite (Ba-α-Bi2O3-γ-Fe2O3) was successfully synthesized through a combination of ultrasound and co-precipitation method under mild conditions. The structure of the synthesized nano-composite as a visible light photocatalyst was investigated by the XRD, TEM, HRTEM, UV-vis and FT-IR. The HRTEM confirmed that the nano-magnetic composites are rods with diamet...

To explore the function of light-harvesting complex protein (LHCP) in Arabidopsis growth and development, the Leclere and Bartel seed collection was screened. In this collection randomly cloned cDNAs are expressed under the CaMV35S promoter. A pale green line has been identified and characterized in more details. Analysis of the inserted cDNA in the pale green line showed it encodes LHCB1 prote...

thesis were investigated in two clonal genotypes of Acer rubrum L., originally collected from the thermally contrasting habitats of Florida and Minnesota, USA, and known in the horticultural trade for sensitivity and insensitivity to heat, respectively. Under both common garden and warm greenhouse conditions (day/night temperature of 33/25 °C), the Florida genotype exhibited more growth than th...

Plants load sugars from photosynthesizing leaves into the phloem of exporting veins either "apoplastically" (by using H+/sucrose symporters) or "symplastically" (through plasmodesmata). The ability to regulate photosynthesis in response to the light environment was compared among apoplastic loaders (pea and spinach) and symplastic loaders (pumpkin and Verbascum phoeniceum). Plants were grown un...

chlorophyll fluorescence induction is a rapid and noninvasive technique for measuring photosynthetic electron transport in plants. chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were performed under greenhouse condition to characterize how the fluorescence induction curves (kautsky curve) and its parameters were affected by metribuzin in susceptible and resistant junglerice (echinochloa colona (l.) link...

In this study, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were synthesized by green route under microwave irradiation. Terminalia arjuna bark extract was used for synthesis, which acts as reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized FeNPs were characterised by UV-Visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), BET surface are...

Purpose The vocal auditory-motor control of individuals with hyperfunctional voice disorders was examined using a sensorimotor adaptation paradigm. Method Nine individuals with hyperfunctional voice disorders and 9 individuals with typical voices produced sustained vowels over 160 trials in 2 separate conditions: (a) while experiencing gradual upward perturbations in the fundamental frequency...

Effects of dantrolene, a blocker of intracellular Ca2+ release, on the oscillation of the intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) induced by caffeine were studied in bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells, using a Fura-2 fluorescence technique. Dantrolene blocked the Ca2+ oscillation only in the cell illuminated by ultraviolet light (335-385 nm). Likewise, the blocking effects on rhythmic Ca(2+)-dependent hy...