evidence acquisition a systematic literature searching of databases medline, embase, and google scholar was done from 1982 and updated in december 2015. search terms were “cholecystectomy”, “laparoscopic cholecystectomy”, “four port laparoscopic cholecystectomy”, “single-incision laparoscopic surgery”. context laparoscopic approach with its several techniques has become the standard method for ...

Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) optimization using Proportional Hazards Model (PHM) is a kind of maintenance optimization problem in which inspections of a system relevant to its failure rate depending on the age and value of covariates are performed in time intervals. The general approach for constructing a CBM based on PHM for a system is to minimize a long run average cost per unit of time...

In this paper two external schema generation algorithms are presented. These algorithms are defined in the framework of the new external schema definition methodology for OODBs put forward in (Samos, 1995); they generate an external schema from a set of classes selected from those existing in an external schema definition repository. Their main characteristic is that they avoid the generation o...

background: magnetite (fe3o4) nanoparticles are currently one of the important and acceptable magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications. to use magnetite nanoparticles for bacteria cell separation, the surface of nanoparticles would be modified for immobilizing of nanoparticles on the surface of bacteria. functionalization of magnetite nanoparticles is performed by different surfactant...

The project management discipline is expanding within many engineering activities. This discipline can facilitate strivings toward successful accomplishment of an engineering project. Therefore, many academic institutes teach the “project management” program. This study presents a novel approach that educates engineering students to become successful project managers based on contextual learnin...

Ambivalence, the presence of positive and negative reactions toward an object, typically involves the subjective experience of conflict. We investigate the role that the perceived validity of each side of an ambivalent attitude plays in producing subjective ambivalence (SA). Consistent with the metacognitive model of attitudes, we demonstrated that SA is reduced when people doubt either the pos...