Reducing measurement errors in multiqubit quantum devices is critical for performing any algorithm. Here we show how to mitigate by a classical postprocessing of the measured outcomes. Our techniques apply experiment where outcomes are used computing expected values observables. Two error-mitigation schemes presented based on tensor product and correlated Markovian noise models. Error rates par...

Techniques and models for mitigating risk in software development projects classified into three categories–namely, qualitative, quantitative, and intelligent approaches. This paper is to review the quantitative and intelligent risk models in software risk management for software development projects. Indeed, this area needs more effort from scholars and researchers in quantitative and intellig...

The possible benefits of mitigating extracellular histone cytotoxicity have been outlined for the reproductive tract and other organs (e.g., Simon et al., 2013; Galuska et al., 2017; Lefrançais and Looney, 2017; Wygrecka et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2017). However, a reassessment of previously published data supports the notion that uterine histone secretion fosters early embryo development in mu...

The perception of physician shortage in Canada is widespread. Absolute shortages and relative discrepancies, both specialty-wise and in urban-rural distribution, have been a daunting policy challenge. International Medical Graduates (IMGs) have been at the core of mitigating this problem, especially as long as shortage of physicians in rural areas is concerned. Considering such recruitment as h...

Climate change potentially amplifies catastrophe risks by raising the magnitude and frequency of certain extreme events in the long term. Its crucial feature is irreversibility. The availability and affordability of insurance will also be diminished in the presence of climate change. Weather losses can be mitigated by actions of the policyholder; however, the private returns from many mitigatio...

We approach the issue of short-term PV output intermittency from a management standpoint by determining the cost of actively mitigating it using “shock-absorbing” short-term energy buffers. Using three case studies in California, Hawaii and the southern US as experimental support, we determine this cost as a function of (1) the desired amount of variability mitigation; (2) the considered variab...

This paper is a survey on the problem of denial of service attacks and the proposed ways to defend against them. Of particular concern are the distributed attacks that an adversary can carry out by recruiting innocent targets to aid the attack. Since attacks come in many forms and shapes and are generally easy to carry out given the free availability of tools such as Trinoo, defense is difficul...

■ INTRODUCTION In the past few decades, drug metabolism research has played an ever increasing role in the design of drugs. In vitro metabolism assays have become an integral part of the routine profiling of compounds made in drug discovery. The data from these assays have allowed medicinal chemists to focus their efforts on compounds with improved metabolic stability. Detailed metabolite ident...

This paper studies non-contractibility of a contract designer's actions in an agency model with costly monitoring. It shows that non-contractibility may lead to an explicit randomness, which is not optimal under full contractibility. The randomness mitigates non-contractibility. Its e ectiveness increases with the ex post deducibility of the non-contractible variable. Mitigation is perfect, if ...