To provide data and methods for analyzing stem mechanics, we investigated bending, density and growth characteristics of 207 specimens of fresh wood from different heights and radial positions of the stem of one mature Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) tree. From the shape of each stress-strain curve, which was calculated from bending tests that accounted for shear deformation, we determine...

The isomerization of phosphodiester functionality of nucleic acids from 3',5'- to a less common 2',5'-linkage influences the complex interplay of stereoelectronic effects that drive pseudorotational equilibrium of sugar rings and thus affect the conformational propensities for compact or more extended structures. The present study highlights the subtle balance of non-covalent forces at play in ...

We report the evaluation of 20-, 18-, 16- and 14-mer phosphorothioate (PS)-modified tricycloDNA (tcDNA) gapmer antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) in T(m), cell culture and animal experiments and compare them to their gap-matched 20-mer 2'-O-methoxyethyl (MOE) and 14-mer 2',4'-constrained ethyl (cEt) counterparts. The sequence-matched 20-mer tcDNA and MOE ASOs showed similar T(m) and activity in ...

1 To improve the corridor efficiency during large planned special events, an integrated strategy with 2 Park-and-ride (P&R) and bus contraflow is presented in this paper. This strategy eases the safety or 3 performance limitations of the two congestion mitigation measures applied alone. A qualitative analysis first 4 shows that P&R measure increases the transit demand on bus contraflow lane, wh...

A Multi-Organization Environment is composed of several players that depend on each other for resources and services. In order to manage the security of the exchange process the authors introduce the concept of trust. The authors show how adding this aspect of the cooperative work. In particular, the authors provide a framework where the concepts of trust requirement and trust evaluation play i...

Mengjiao Chen,1 Weijie Lin,1, 2 Hengtong Wang,1 Wei Ren,3, 4 and Xingang Wang1, ∗ School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China Key Laboratory of MOE for Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi...

The use of this material under current use conditions is supported by the existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization potential as well as environmental safety. Repeated dose toxicity was determined to have the most conservative systemic ex...

The use of this material under current use conditions is supported by the existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization potential, as well as, environmental safety. Repeated dose toxicity was determined using to have the most conservative sys...