BACKGROUND Starting in 1990 many programs were initiated to prevent and control the spread of HIV/AIDS in prisons in accordance with the policies of the Ministry of Health. This study attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of harm reduction programs vis-à-vis drug abuse and dependency in 7 prisons in Iran. METHODS The methodology used is Before-After testing and the sample population is incar...

this research was designed to study sexual differences in place conditioning induced by morphine in offspring born of female wistar rats mated with drug-naïve males. mothers were exposed to morphine during the 14th-16th days of gestational. control dams were simply saline-injected. female and male virgin offspring born of morphine-treated or saline-treated mothers were separately housed until b...

Morphine-3- and morphine-6-glucuronide are morphine's major metabolites. As morphine-6-glucuronide produces stronger analgesia than morphine, we investigated the effects of acute and chronic morphine glucuronides on adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity. Using COS-7 cells cotransfected with representatives of the nine cloned AC isozymes, we show that AC-I and V are inhibited by acute morphine and morp...

Objective(s): Smoking opium/cigarette is a global health concern. The aim of this study was to examine learning and memory of rat male offsprings whose mothers had been exposed to either opium or morphine with nicotine during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were used for the experiments. In the female rats, opium, morphine and nicotine dependencies were induced by daily injection...

BACKGROUND Opiates affect blood factors as well as pain and inflammation in a gender-dependent manner. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of morphine on serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and urea in gonadectomized and inflammation conditions. METHODS Animals were divided as follows: control group, carrageenan and chronic morphine recipients, acute morphine recip...

We have previously shown that the naturally occurring levo-morphine at a subanalgesic picomolar dose pretreated i.t. induces antianalgesia against levo-morphine-produced antinociception. We now report that the synthetic stereo-enantiomer dextro-morphine, even at an extremely low femtomolar dose, induces antianalgesia against levo-morphine-produced antinociception using the tail-flick (TF) test ...

Morphine is an opioid analgesic drug commonly used for pain relief in cancer patients. Here, we report that morphine enhances the mammosphere forming capacity and increases the expression of stemness-related transcription factors Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. Treatment with morphine leads to enrichment of a side population fraction in MCF-7 cells and the CD44+/CD24(-/low) population in BT549 cells. Con...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of intrathecal morphine on pulmonary function, analgesia, and morphine plasma concentrations after cardiac surgery. INTRODUCTION Lung dysfunction increases morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Regional analgesia may improve pulmonary outcomes by reducing pain, but the occurrence of this benefit remains controversial. METHODS Forty-two patients we...

BACKGROUND The feasibility of drug monitoring of serum concentrations of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) during chronic morphine therapy is not established. One important factor relevant to drug monitoring is to what extent morphine, M6G and M3G serum concentrations fluctuate during stable morphine treatment. METHODS We included twenty-nine patients adm...