BACKGROUND The main subject is the influence of gender and the stage of life on the choice of specialty in medical education. In particular we looked at the influence of intrinsic and external motives on this relationship. The choice of specialty was divided into two moments: the choice between medical specialties and general practice; and the preference within medical specialties. In earlier s...

All picture stimuli described in this chapter are available upon request from the authors. Measuring implicit motives 2 Measuring implicit motives Over the past ten years, the field of personality psychology has seen a resurgence of interest in implicit motives, nonconscious motivational needs that orient, select, and energize behavior (McClelland, 1987). This renewed interest has led to signif...

Restructuring  is relevant for companies that have free capital and need to expand for development purposes, as well as for companies that have relatively large problems with financial results and the relevant indicators indicate the necessary changes. Motives of the restructuring may be different, the authors put forward the following reasons: operation operational synergy, financial synergy, ...

Past research suggests that sexual satisfaction may be partially dependent on sexual motives (the reasons people have sex). The primary goal of this study was to determine which of a wide range of empirically derived sexual motives were related to sexual satisfaction, and whether gender differences existed in these relationships. Examining data from 544 undergraduate participants (93 men, 451 w...

It is well established that childhood maltreatment is an important predictor of marijuana use, but few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The current study examines marijuana motives as mediators of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and marijuana use in a sample of young adults. In addition, pathways from childhood maltreatment to emotion dysregulat...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are associated with coping-motivated alcohol use in trauma-exposed samples. However, it is unclear which individuals experiencing PTSD symptoms are at greatest risk for alcohol-use problems following trauma exposure. Individuals endorsing high anxiety sensitivity, which is the fear of anxiety and related sensations, may be particularly motivated to ...

Human motivational systems are designed to promote organismic reactions that facilitate survival and reproduction. Recent research suggests that there are individual differences in human motivation across evolutionarily salient domains, such as self-protection threat, status, mateseeking and mate retention, and that these individual differences are distinct from other dimensions of personality ...

Based on the distinction between implicit and explicit motives as proposed by McClelland and co-workers, we derive the hypothesis that an incongruency between implicit and explicit motives should be associated with impaired emotional well-being, whereas a congruency between the two types of motives should be linked with elated mood and well-being. Testing this assumption in an empirical study, ...

The aim was to better understand the role of motives in exercise participation. It was hypothesised that motives influence exercise participation by influencing behavioural regulation, and that motives are themselves influenced by personality traits. Data were from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 252 office workers, mean age 40 years. Analysis was by structural equation modelling. Acc...

Exercise in natural environments ("green exercise") confers numerous health benefits, but little is known about why people engage in green exercise. This study examined the importance of nature experiences as a motive for physical activity and the motivational profile of people who engage in green exercise compared to gym- and sports-based exercise. Physical activity motives and typical times s...