Alternative fuels have been recognized as a promising method to alleviate the air emission problem of maritime industry. LNG, one most alternative in shipping, has attracted extensive attentions, and government subsidies are extensively adopted promote its application. We consider two-stage subsidy methods this paper aim find optimal plan under different scenarios. Distinguished from previous s...

the hcci combustion process is initiated due to auto-ignition of fuel/air mixture which is dominated by chemical kinetics and therefore fuel composition has a significant effect on engine operation and a detailed reaction mechanism is essential to analysis hcci combustion. a single zone-model permits to have a detailed chemical kinetics modeling for practical fuels. in this study a single-zone ...

natural gas is often associated with nitrogen and heavy compounds. the heavy components in the natural gas not only can feed downstream units, owing to the low temperature process may be formed solid as well. therefore, heavy components separation can be a necessity and produce useful products. virtually, all natural gases are containing nitrogen ​​that would lower the heating value of natural ...

Safeguarding the energy security is an important energy policy goal of every country. Assuring sufficient and reliable resources of energy at affordable prices is the main objective of energy security. Due to such reasons as special geopolitical position, terrorist attacks and other unrest in the Middle East, securing Iran’s energy demand and increasing her natural gas exports have turned into ...

Iran's proved natural gas reserves are the world's second largest reserves. Mainly, because of different climate changes and different reservoirs characterizations, studying the behavior of producing outcome fluids and their transportation, is of major interest. One of the main problems occur in the gas reservoirs is related to the hydrate formation while producing from a well, either in produc...

With the growth of electricity generation from gas energy gas pipeline reliability can substantially impact the electric generation. A physical disruption to pipeline or to a compressor station can interrupt the flow of gas or reduce the pressure and lead to loss of multiple gas-fired electric generators, which could dramatically reduce the supplied power and threaten the power system security....

Natural gas could become one of the most important and strategic energy source in the years to come, even if the renewable sources growth will play a fundamental role in the “next green power energy”; however natural gas has the chance to assure a continuous and reliable energy supply on a economically viable, long term base span. Potential routes for gas export from giant mid-continental field...

LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) shares in the global energy market is steadily increasing. One possible application of LNG is as a fuel for transportation. Stricter air pollution regulations and emission controls have made the natural gas a promising alternative to liquid petroleum fuels, especially in the case of heavy transport. However, in most LNG-fueled vehicles, the physical exergy of LNG is ...