The passenger vehicle occupant fatality rate at nighttime is about three times higher than the daytime rate. In 2005, among the fatally injured passenger vehicle occupants, the proportion of unrestrained occupants was much higher during nighttime than daytime. Also during nighttime, among passenger vehicle occupants killed in crashes, alcohol involvement, speeding, and single-­vehicle crash fat...

Knowing the presence or the actual number of occupants in a space at any given time is essential for the effective management of various building operation functions such as security and environmental control (e.g., lighting, HVAC). As occupants “interact” with the indoor environment, they will affect environmental conditions through the emission of CO2, heat and sound, and relatively little ef...

energy consumption in the residential sector is a complex socio-technical problem that can be explained using acombination of physical, demographic and behavioural characteristics of a house and its occupants. in this paper, byusing the energy consumption data for the residential sector of shiraz in iran, the effect of built area (ba) andoccupant number (occ) on annual energy consumption (ec) w...

OBJECTIVES To examine the damage location distribution of five main body region injuries of maximum abbreviated injury score (MAIS) 3-6 injured occupants for nearside struck vehicle in front-to-side impact crashes. DESIGN AND SETTING MAIS 3-6 injured occupants information was extracted from the US-National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System in the year 2007; it included th...

A building occupancy simulation simulates the behavior of the occupants and assists in recognizing occupant’s behavior which can be used in energy consumption, smart assist as well as in emergency evacuation. Agent based models are widely used to represent the occupants, but suffer poorly due to increase in computation cost with the increase in agents. Graph based and cellular approaches are us...

OBJECTIVE There is limited knowledge of the long-term medical consequences for occupants injured in car crashes in various impact directions. Thus, the objective was to evaluate whether injuries leading to permanent medical impairment differ depending on impact direction. METHODS In total, 36,743 injured occupants in car crashes that occurred between 1995 and 2011 were included. All initial i...

UNLABELLED A prospective telephone-administered questionnaire study in new home occupants compared general and respiratory health at occupancy and 1 year later in two groups. The test group or cases, was 52 R-2000(TM) homes (128 occupants) built to preset and certified criteria for energy efficient ventilation and construction practices. The control group were 53 new homes (149 occupants) built...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of seatbelt nonuse with injury patterns, injury severity, and in-patient hospital admission among adults presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in a statewide, population-based, sample of motor vehicle crashes. METHODS Using data from the 2002 Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) for Wisconsin, 23,920 occupants of motor vehicle crashes, age...