BACKGROUND As farmers do not often keep a record of the expenditures for rearing, an economic tool that provides insight into the cost of rearing is useful. In the Netherlands, an economic tool (Jonkos) has been developed that can be used by farmers to obtain insight into the cost of rearing on their farm. The first objective of this study is to calculate the total cost of rearing young stock i...

Effects of number of lambs suckled and supplemental protein source on ewe performance were determined. Lactat ion performance of ewes nursing twin or triplet lambs was compared in Exp. 1 and 2. In Exp. 1, ewes giving birth to and nursing triplets produced 21% (P<.05) more milk/unit metabolic body weight, were 10% more efficient in the conversion o f feed to milk and produced 26% (P<.05) more kg...

1. With the aid of a novel survivorship model, an 8-year field study of social and maternal factors affecting duckling survival in eiders (Somateria mollissima) revealed that duckling survival probability varies in accordance with maternal brood-rearing strategy. This variability in survival provides compelling evidence of different annual fitness consequences between females that share brood-r...

the number of lambs sold per ewe mated in the breeding flock has a considerable impact on sheep operation profitability. this depends primarily on fertility, prolificacy (# of lambs), and lamb survival, mothering ability, milk production of the ewe and lamb growth rate. optimal reproduction does vary by environment and management system – some sheep operations don’t want a lambing rate over 200...

  The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of oral recombinant bovine somatotropin (RBS) 1% on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 600 rainbow trout weighing 46±1 grams were randomly allotted in two groups including: 1) the control group and 2) RBS treated group, each in three replicates. The fish were hand-fed with commercial pellets. The fish received 200g R...

  The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of oral recombinant bovine somatotropin (RBS) 1% on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 600 rainbow trout weighing 46±1 grams were randomly allotted in two groups including: 1) the control group and 2) RBS treated group, each in three replicates. The fish were hand-fed with commercial pellets. The fish received 200g R...

Background: Nicotine can activate dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area (VTA). However, there is no evidence about complete inhibition of VTA on nicotine reinforcement. Methods: in the present study, we used conditioned-place preference (CPP) method to study the effect of transient inhibition of left and/or right side of the VTA by lidocaine on nicotine reward properties. Male ...

An increasing number of teachers are introducing animals into their class so that pupils foster cognitive, physiological, and social skills through their interaction with animals. Along with such an educational style termed animal-assisted education (AAE), Japanese formal education has also utilized animals for education. Japanese animal-rearing education is unique regarding the following two p...

This paper presents the effect of high environmental heat on behavior of the male Charles Foster rats. Eighty rats were divided into three groups, subjected to (i) acute heat stress (ii) chronic heat stress and (iii) handling control group. Animals were exposed to the hot environment in a biological oxygen demand incubator at 38 ± 1ºC (relative humidity 45-50%) for four hours of continuous sing...